Answer at least 2 of the following Discussion post questions. Answer question 1 and choose between either question 2 or 3. Then reply to at least 2 of your classmate’s discussion posts.

• Outline an APC protocol for collection of a sample of ground beef for testing.

• Discuss the various methods designed to detect and enumerate microorganisms associated with food samples. Compare the methods and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Along with your discussion of the methods, include their specific appropriateness.

• Why does the DMC method have little or no value for foods with low microbial numbers?

Compare and contrast the three methods of sex determination.

Your goal is to design a vaccine that will protect vaccinated individuals from disease caused by the infectious agents listed below. This does not always mean you need “sterilizing immunity” (protection from infection), although in some cases this might be your goal.

Tetanus: Tetanus is caused by an infection with the bacterium Clostridium tetani, commonly found in soil, dust, and manure. Spores of the C. tetani can remain infectious for more than 40 years. You can get tetanus when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound, especially via a contaminated object. C. tetani produces a toxin that interferes with muscle contractions, resulting in the symptoms that can lead to permanent contraction (lockjaw) and death. The agent does not spread between people.

1- Key Pathogen Features:

2- Population & Location Factors:

3- Immunologic Goals:

4- Vaccine Strategy:

5- Test to evaluate effectiveness:

Write Hamilton’s rule and discuss how it is used to explain the evolution altruism.

A pea plant that is heterozygous for both flower colour and stamen length is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both. Of the offspring, 89 have red flowers and long stamens, 98 have white flowers and short stamens, 10 have red flowers and short stamens and 9 have white flowers and long stamens. What is the map distance between these two loci?

A) Cannot be calculated because the two loci are on different chromosomes

B) 9.2 cM

C) 4.9 cM

D) 9.2 %

1. Which of these is NOT true of bryophytes?

   	A.	produce spores carried by insects
   	B.	include liverworts and mosses
   	C.	lack vascular tissue
   	D.	require moisture to accomplish fertilization
   	E.	short because they lack an efficient means of transporting water to heights

2. The nonvascular plants are the ______.

   	A.	hornworts, liverworts and mosses
   	B.	algae and blue-green algae
   	C.	fungi and slime and water molds
   	D.	gymnosperms
   	E.	flowering plants

3. Which of these best describes a protonema?

   	A.	an algalike branching filament that is the result of spore germination
   	B.	flagellated sperm
   	C.	a structure in which flagellated sperm are produced
   	D.	a structure in which eggs are produced
   	E.	the group of cells that detach from the thallus and are held in a gemmae cup

4. Which of these best describes the gametophyte in the alternation of generations life cycle?

   	A.	generation that produces the gametes
   	B.	the diploid generation
   	C.	generation that produces the spores
   	D.	generation that has vascular tissue
   	E.	uses meiosis within structures called sporangia

5. QUESTION 7

6. Plants have a/an _________ life cycle.

   	A.	alternation of generations
   	B.	asexual-only
   	C.	sexual-only
   	D.	diplontic
   	E.	haplontic

QUESTION 2

1. Discuss the challenges to morality presented by Dale Jamieson. Your answer should demonstrate a solid understanding of the issues presented in the text. Be as clear and detailed as you can.

Give the location, whether it is anaerobic or aerobic and the net production, (Per Glucose) of the listed compounds:

a. Glycolysis: ATP, NADH, Pyruvic Acid

b. Prep Step ( Intermediate Stage): ATP, CO2, NADH

c. Krebs Cycle: ATP, CO2, NADH,FADH2

d. Oxidative Phosphorylation: ATP

In the space provided, explain what would be the difference in functionality between somebody with a C2 ASIA A SCI and somebody with a C6 ASIA C SCI?

list and explain some benefits and values of trees in two paragraphs.

How to prepare the liver tissue for H&E staining and special staining? write an essay. The steps must included must focus on preparing the liver tissue for staining and should not be written in a general context. Please be precise on the types of reagents and stains that will be used in each step.

explain the oxygen-rich blood in the umbilical veins of a human and a pig fetus.

1. How would polyploidy and genome size affect the amount of DNA that can be extracted from an organism?

2. What was the purpose of using the a) detergent and b) alcohol to extract DNA?