A woman in the second trimester of pregnacy tells her physcian thay she has been urinating...

A woman in the second trimester of pregnacy tells her physcian thay she has been urinating excessively for the past week. In addition, she has been extremely thirsty. The next day the physcian does a fasting blood glucose test and finds her glucose level to be 150 mg/dl (normal should be below 100 mg/dl). The physcian makes a diagnosis of gestational diabetes and begins treatments. What is the link between the diagnosis of gestational diabetes and the patient's signs of excessive urination abd thirst?

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Expert Solution

Polyuria (increased urination) and polydypsia (increased thirst) are two signs of diabetes and this is the link between diagnosis of gestational diabetes and the patient's signs of polyuria and polydypsia.

During pregnancy, placenta makes hormones that causes glucose to build up in blood and pancreas on the other side secretes insulin to counter the effect of hormones. But if pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or to stop glucose using insulin, the blood glucose level goes up leading to gestational diabetes.

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus causes increased glucose to be excreted via urine. This causes osmotic diuresis as water follows the increased glucose concentration in urine leading to abnormally high urine output.

Polydypsia is an early symptom of diabetes mellitus. Increased glucose in blood causes blood osmolarity to increase which stimulates osmoreceptors in thirst center of hypothalamus and causes increased thirst.

Sydney Mullin answered 10 months ago

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