1. A woman is pregnant for the second time. She has Rh negative blood type but...

1. A woman is pregnant for the second time. She has Rh negative blood type but did not receive the RhoGAM shot with her first pregnancy. The baby is born with the following symptoms: enlarged liver and spleen and difficulty breathing. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is this? What is the name of the disease the newborn is experiencing? Can you determine the Rh blood type of the first baby? the second baby? If so,identify the Rh type?

2. A child is stung by a bee on the playground. A few minutes later, the child is itchy and experiences trouble breathing. Identify the type of hypersensitivity reaction this child is experiencing. What type of antibody is involved in this reaction?

Expert Solution

1. The reaction is of type-II hypersensitivity. The antibodies like IgM and IgD are directed against localized antigen.

The name of disease is erythroblastosis fetalis.

The first baby is positive for Rh antigen that's why Rh negative mother developed anti-Rh antibody against it, when that woman conceive 2nd child (without RhoGAM shot at first pregnancy), the preformed anti-Rh antibody attacks on fetus. The 2nd baby is positive for Rh antigen.

Symptoms like heptic-spleenomegally developed in second baby. Hemolysis also occur.

2. Type-II hypersensitivity reaction occurs in case of bee stung. The type of Antibody formed is IgE. There is degranulation of mast cells lead to allergic symptoms.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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