Question

1.Hala is a 2-day-old newborn baby born with a congenital heart defect. At birth, the child was severely cyanotic, tachypnic, RR 80/ min, SPO2: 86%. During examination, the child's lips looks blue, systolic murmur heard on auscultation. X-ray suggested a "boot-shaped heart". The nurse informed the physician that the child frequently gets "Anoxic spells". The mother was informed that the child's condition is critical and will require urgent surgery..

A. Explain the physiological process that happens in the heart circulation immediately after birth.

B. Is Hala' heart defect linked to it??

Answer 1

Physiological changes in heart just after birth:-

The fetal heart shunts become closed just after birth.
At birth, major changes take place. The umbilical cord is clamped and the baby no longer receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother. With the first breaths of air, the lungs start to expand, and the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale both close. The baby's circulation and blood flow through the heart now function like an adult's.

Yes, Hala's heart defect linked to it.
All happenings that are mentioned occur in Tetralogy of Fallot.
This type of heart defect changes the normal flow of blood through the heart.

Due to right ventricular Hypertrophy boot shape size is seen in x-ray.
Due to Narrowing (constriction) of the pulmonary valve reduces blood flow to the lungs.
Another condition ventricular septal defect reduces the supply of oxygenated blood to the body and eventually can weaken the heart.
And the last one is overriding of aorta. In this aorta is shifted slightly to the right and lies directly above the ventricular septal defect.