Question

QUESTION 9

1. Drugs that aim to lower blood cholesterol work by

   		preventing recycling of bile salts.
   		All the alternatives
   		inhibiting hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
   		inhibiting its intestinal absorption.

2 points   

QUESTION 10

1. For marathoners, the ATP for sustained muscle contraction comes from the metabolism of which of the following substrates?

   		proteins and amino acids
   		fatty acids
   		All the alternatives
   		glucose

2 points   

QUESTION 11

1. Which of the following is TRUE about fasted-state metabolism?

   		it is catabolic
   		All the alternatives
   		leads to the formation of ketone bodies
   		maintains plasma glucose for the brain

2 points   

QUESTION 12

1. Which of the following is NOT true regarding type 2 diabetes?

   		incidence is related to poor lifestyle habits
   		accounts for 90% of all diabetes
   		tissues are insulin-resistant
   		is associated with beta cell destruction in the pancreas

2 points   

QUESTION 13

1. Generally, insulin and glucagon are released by opposing stimuli and have opposing effects on metabolism. However, both hormones are released by the stimulus of an increase in blood amino acids. Which answer below explains why this occurs?

   		Glucagon release is part of a positive feedback loop.
   		Both insulin and glucagon promote amino acid absorption at the small intestine.
   		Glucagon prevents hypoglycemia following ingestion of a pure protein meal.
   		Amino acids are present in the blood during both anabolism and catabolism.

2 points   

QUESTION 14

1. Individuals with diabetes who need to take insulin usually inject insulin rather than taking it as a pill because

   		injecting it means that the insulin reaches most cells before passing through the liver first.
   		injecting it helps it to cross the blood-brain barrier.
   		the hormone will be broken down in the digestive system if taken orally.
   		they need insulin to enter their bloodstream more quickly.

2 points   

QUESTION 15

1. The maintenance of plasma glucose concentration within its narrow range is achieved through which of the following?

   		glycogenesis
   		glycogenolysis
   		All the alternatives
   		oxidative metabolism

2 points   

QUESTION 16

1. The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces

   		insulin.
   		somatostatin.
   		digestive enzymes
   		glucagon.

2 points   

QUESTION 17

1. During the absorptive state in a person at rest,

   		the liver forms glycogen.
   		skeletal muscles have net glycogen catabolism.
   		gluconeogenesis takes place.
   		adipocytes dump fatty acids into plasma.

Answer 1

9) C) Inhibiting the hepatic cholesterol synthesis

Explanation: Statins work by competitively blocking the active site of the first and key rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, HMG-CoA reductase. Inhibition of this site prevents substrate access, thereby blocking the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid. This enzyme is the rate limiting enzyme of the cholestrol synthesis.

10. D) Glucose

Explanation: The aerobic energy system uses oxygen and glucose to keep producing ATP over a long period of time. This is important for providing energy for sustained activity in events such as marathon running, long-distance swimming and long-distance cycling.

11. All the alternatives

Explanation: Ketone bodies are the water-soluble molecules containing the ketone group that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation.

Fasting state causes more break down of the food materials ( Catabolic). Also it maintains glucose supply to the brain

12. D) Is associated with beta cell destruction in pancreas

Explanation: Type II Diaetes is insulin independent diabetes. Beta cell is normal with normal or elevated insulin in the blood but the cells are resistant to insulin. Type I diabetes is associated with beta cell destruction.