Question

1.)

a)

What are two types of proteins in ATP synthase that collaboratively transport protons?

Proteins Alpha and Beta

Proteins A and C

Proteins B and A

b)

Where would you find higher proton gradient or proton motive force?

In the inner membrane space

In outer membrane space

c)

Increased expression or activity of uncoupling proteins in pancreatic beta cells increases the risk of diabetes. Why is that?

Increased expression or activity of uncoupling proteins increases ATP synthesis, which signals fed state by reducing insulin secretion.

Increased expression or activity of uncoupling proteins increases ATP synthesis, which signals fed state by increasing insulin secretion.

Increased expression or activity of uncoupling proteins decreases ATP synthesis, which signals starvation by increasing insulin secretion.

Increased expression or activity of uncoupling proteins decreases ATP synthesis, which signals starvation by reducing insulin secretion.

Answer 1

1..Protein alpha and beta are two sorts of proteins in ATP synthase that cooperatively transport protons on the grounds that the alpha and beta (or An and B) subunits are found in the F1, V1, and A1 edifices of F-, V-and An ATPases, individually, just as flagellar ATPase and the end factor Rho. The F-ATPases (or F1Fo ATPases), V-ATPases (or V1Vo ATPases) and An ATPases (or A1Ao ATPases) are made out of two connected edifices: the F1, V1 or A1 complex contains the synergist center that integrates/hydrolyses ATP, and the Fo, Vo or Ao complex that frames the layer traversing pore. The F-, V-and An ATPases all contain rotational engines, one that drives proton translocation over the layer and one that drives ATP union/hydrolysis.