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Type II diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and it causes tissues to develop insulin resistance or simple the body cannot produce enough insulin. A common side effect of type II diabetes is obesity, however with the proper diet and exercise, weight loss is possible. A recommended diet for those with type II diabetes is to eat complex carbohydrates versus simple carbohydrates. What this means is that brown rice, whole wheat, quinoa, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, beans, and lentils should be consumed regularly and that sugar, pasta, white bread, flour, and cookies, pastries should be eliminated. Proteins can include the following: beans, legumes, eggs, seafood, dairy, peas, tofu, and lean meats and poultry. Other foods that need to be avoided are sodas, trans fats, high-fat animal products, high-fat dairy products, high fructose corn syrup, artificial sweeteners, and any highly processed foods. Along with a healthy diet, exercise is important because it can help lower blood glucose level. While exercising, muscles use glucose even if there is no insulin and in return since glucose is being used then glucose levels go down. It is recommended to exercise for about 30 minutes daily, and this can be a combination of tennis, dancing, walking, swimming, basketball, and or biking.

Answer 1

Type II Diabetes

• It is more complex than Type I
• Because, there is a combination of resistance to the actions of insulin in liver and muscle together with impaired pancreatic -cell function leading to 'relative' insulin deficiency.
• Insulin resistance appears to come first,leads to elevated insulin secretion inorder to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
• however,in sucesceptile individuals the pancreatic -cells are unable to sustain the increased demand for insulin and a slowly progressive insulin deficiency develops.
• PROPORTION OF PROXIMATE PRINCIPLES IN DIABETIC DIET

• NUTRIENT	RECOMMENDED INTAKE
  carbohydrate	~50-60% of total calories
  protein	15-20% of total calories
  Total fat	25-35% of total calories
  saturated fat	<10% of total calories(<7% in dyslipidemia)
  polyunsaturated fat	~10% of total calories
  Monounsaturated fat	Up to 20% of total calories
  cholestrol	<300mg/day (<200mg/day in dyslipidemia)
  total calories	adjust based on age,weight and height Sedentary individuals :30kcal/kg/day Moderately active individuals:35kcal/kg/day Heavily active individuals :40kcal/kg/day

Foods to eat :

• complex carbohydrates such as brown rice,whole wheat,quinoe ,oatmeal,fruits ,vegetables,beans and lentils.
• Food to avoid Simple carbohydrates which are processed ,such as sugar ,pasta,white bread,flour ,cookies,pastries.
• Foods with a low glycaemic load(index) only cause a modest rise in blood sugar and better choices for people with diabetes.
• Good glycaemic control can help in preventing long-term complications of type-2 diabetes.
• calories intake of carbohydrate is ~50-60% of total calories

PROTEINS

• PROTEINS provides steady energy with little effect on blood sugar.
• It keeps blood sugar stable,and can help with sugar cravings and feeling full after eating.
• Foods to eat : beans,legumes,eggs,seafood,dairy,peas,tofu and lean meats and poultry.
• calories intake of protein is 15-20% of total calories
• Five diabetes "super foods" to eat include chia seeds,wild salmon,white balsamic vinegar,cinnamon,and lentils.

Healthy diabetic meal plans include plenty of vegetables, and limited processed sugars and red meat.

Include Vegetarian diet.

What to eat :include eating low glycaemic load carbohydrates,primarily from vegetables, and consuming fats and proteins mostly from plant sources.

• Glycaemic index and load
• carbohydrates are primarily food that raises blood sugar
• food with low glycaemic load (index) raise blood sugar modestly and thus better choices for people with diabetes
• complex carbohydrates low glycaemic load foods,food that can eat
• eg:brown rice,whole wheat,quinoe,oatmeal,vegetables ,fruits,beans,lentils
• simple carbohydrates are high glycaemic load foods, so not add in diet
• eg:sugar ,white pasta,whote bread,flour, cookies,pastries, white potatoes,brakfast cereals, pastries and sweets,fruit juice,pineapples,soft drinks,watermelon
• FATS: animal meat fats increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Dairy and specifically fermented dairy such as yogurt,appears to decrease this risk
• plant based fats Eg:olive oil,nuts,seeds, and avocado are associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk.
• plant based proteins can eat
• proteins not only keeps blood sugar stable,but also it helps with sugar cravings and feeling full afte eating.
• Avoid alcohol
• Food avoid :Sodas(regular and diet),refined sugars,processed carbohydrates,trans fat,high-fat animal products,high -fat dairy products,high fructose corn syrup,artificial sweeteners, and any highly processed foods.

OBESITY IS THE MAJOR RISK FACTOR

• Proper excercise makes lowers the weight
• Benefits of excercise
• It lowers blood glucose concentration
• it improves insulin sensitivity
• Decreeas triglycerides and increases HDL-C and decreases LDL-C
• it lowers BP in mild to moderate hypertension
• It causes weight reduction by metabolizing adipose tissue
• It helps in cardiovascular conditioning
• It improves sense of well-being and quality of life
• 30 minutes excercise daily
• that can include tennis, cycling,dancing,swimming,walking,basket ball not in combination
• biking is not an excercise
• doing excercise depends on your occupation
• if your job is strenous do excercise mildly
• Aerobic excercises also can do.
• EG:walk 3km on level ground on 30minutes
• swim for 30min at average speed without cardiovascular complication
• cycle on level of ground at 8km/hour for 30min