Question

What is the common error between Type I diabetes and one form of diabetes insipidis. And, what is the common error between Type II diabetes and another form of diabetes insipidis

Answer 1

Type 1 diabetes - In type 1 diabetes the insulin producing cells of the pancreas (beta cells in islets of langerhans) is completely or most of it destroyed and the insulin is not produced.So there will be hyperglycmia and the patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetis.These people are insulin dependant.The people will have increased glucose levelin the blood

Diabetes insipidus - There is a hormone called antidiuretic hormone(ADH) which is secreted in hypothalamus and stored in the pitutary gland.This hormone is responsible for the regulation of the water in the body.There will be abnormality in the production of ADH due to any reason including the brain tumour,surgery or accident.In this case the water regulation is not happening propely and the patient pass too much amount of urine and this type of patient can land up in dehydration..There are four types diabetes insipidus.In that one type is the nephrogenic diabetes incipidus,in this type the kidney tubules are not responding properly to the ADH and there will be increased production of urine.In this case the glucose in the blood will be normal.

Type 2 diabetes -In this there will be dysfunction of the beta cells and eventually the beta cell failure happens.This type of patients are resistant to insulin,and this is an irreversible condition.In this case the sugar level in the blood wil be high.

Anther form of diabetes insipidus is DIPSOGENIC daibetes insipidus,in this the thirst regulating capacity of the hypothalamus is lost due to the increased water intake due to increased thirst ,which is caused by the malfunction of the ADH and the production and excretion of large voluem of diluted urine.In this case also the blood glucose level is normal.