Question

In: Chemistry

Define a buffer. Which buffer is based on breathing? Write the chemical equation.

Define a buffer. Which buffer is based on breathing? Write the chemical equation.

Solutions

Expert Solution

A buffer is mixture of weak acid (base) and the salt of its conjugate base (acid).

Acidic buffer: CH3COOH (weak acid) + CH3COONa

CH3COO- is the conjugate base of CH3COOH

Basic buffer: NH3 (weak base) + NH4Cl (NH4+ is the conjugate acid of NH3).

A buffer can resist small changes in the H+ and OH- concentrations thereby maintaining a constant value of pH of the system.

Breathing or respiration is based on carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system which can be shown by the following equilibrium equation:

CO2 (g) + H2O (l) <------> H+ (l) + HCO3- (l)

Respiratory and urinary systems helps in compensating the pH. Increase in H+ drives the equilibrium to the left forming more carbondioxide which is eliminated by lungs and   urinary system is responsible for bicarbonate levels in the blood.


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