List two essential roles of ribosome during translation. (NCERT)

List two essential roles of ribosome during translation. (NCERT)

Expert Solution

Ans. The essential roles of ribosome during translation are as follow-

1. Ribosomes act as the physical site of translation of mRNA into proteins.

2. The large subunits of a functional ribosomes catalyze the formation of peptide bond between two amino acids, thus also act as peptidyl transferase enzyme. The catalytic activity of the ribosomes is due to presence rRNA (23S rRNA of prokaryotic 50S subunit, 28S rRNA of eukaryotic 60S subunit) in the larger subunit.

3. The smaller subunit (say, 16s rRNA in 30S subunit in bacteria) binds to the mRNA in 5’-3’direction and helps aligning the mRNA in correct orientation for translation to occur. Since the codons on mRNA are read only in 5’-3’ direction, any change in polarity of mRNA bound to ribosomes would yield unexpected outcomes during translation.

4. Ribosomes also ensure that translation starts exactly at the translation start site on mRNA (mostly, AUG codon). Since change in translation start site even by a single base would yield undesirable outcomes, this process always ensure the formation of correct protein through translation.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

What is the order of binding of a given tRNA on the ribosome during translation? Is...

What is the order of binding of a given tRNA on the ribosome during translation? Is this order true for all tRNAs? If not, Why?

During translation, what is the maximum number of tRNAs that can fit into the ribosome at...

During translation, what is the maximum number of tRNAs that can fit into the ribosome at the same time? I think the answer is 2 but I want to know why

What tells the ribosome where to start translation and stop translation??

What role does the EPA site on the Ribosome play during translation? Explain with help of...

What role does the EPA site on the Ribosome play during translation? Explain with help of a diagram. Also explain how codons, tRNA & anticodons play a role during translation (2 points) What is an Inducible operon? Give an example and explain the steps in the functioning of one such operon. You may use a diagram to explain your answer (2 points)

Place the following steps of TRANSLATION in the correct order for EUKARYOTES. The ribosome reaches...

Place the following steps of TRANSLATION in the correct order for EUKARYOTES. The ribosome reaches a stop codon. A release factor binds and causes the release of the new polypeptide, along with the mRNA. The ribosome dissociates. - The ribosome moves exactly 3 nucleotides toward the 3' end of the mRNA. The small ribosomal subunit binds the mRNA near the 5' end and begins to search for the start codon. A charged tRNA with a...

List the steps of the process that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells during translation.

Question 3a: Translation is another name for protein synthesis. How does the ribosome know that it...

Question 3a: Translation is another name for protein synthesis. How does the ribosome know that it should terminate translation? Describe briefly what happens to terminate translation. Question 3b: i) What does it mean when someone says that a mutation is cis-acting? ii) What would it mean if someone said that a mutation is trans-acting?

1. Where does translation happen? What are the differences between ribosome and ribosomal subunit of prokaryote...

1. Where does translation happen? What are the differences between ribosome and ribosomal subunit of prokaryote and eukaryote? 2. What is codon? Who carry the codon and anticodon? 3. What is mutation? What are the type and causes of mutations? 4. Know everything about the gene transfer.

Explain the process of translation from RBS (ribosome binding site) recognition to hitting the stop codon.

4. Illustrate the elongation phase of translation where the tRNA is in the site of the ribosome and is bound to codon number 5

4. Illustrate the elongation phase of translation where the tRNA is in the site of the ribosome and is bound to codon number 5. Label the sand 3 ends of all RNA's and label the S'UTR, 3'UTR, the Shine-Dalgamo (Kozac) sequence, and the translational start and stop codons on the template mRNA. Be sure to include the growing peptide chain and the large and small ribosomal subunits. Label each of the three ribosome sites. 5. What is the role of tRNA...

Question