List the steps of the process that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells during translation.

Expert Solution

The translation is the biological process of conversion of mRNA into proteins. It is a RNA directed process by means of which polypeptide chain is synthesized.

The eukaryotic translation occurs outside the nucleus i.e. in the cytoplasm of the cell. Translation in eukaryotes involves following steps:

1. Activation of Amino acid

✓ Involves charging of tRNA

• activation: Aminoacid + ATP ---> amino acyl AMP (activated Amino acid) + PPi

• charging: Amino acyl AMP + tRNA ---> amino acyl tRNA (charged tRNA) + AMP

2. Initiation

The main features of the initiation stage is the binding of mRNA to the ribosome, selection of the initiation codon and binding of the acylated tRNA bearing the first amino acid. The initiation process can be divided into a list of stages

Stage 1: Assembly of factors to form pre initiaion complex

Stage 2: attachment of mRNA on rRNA

Stage 3: scanning of mRNA to identify AUG, once identified the charged tRNA, rRNA, mRNA assembles.

Stage 4: assembly of the large 60S ribosomal subunit

3. Elongation

The elongation process mainly deals with the joining of two amino acids by peptide bond formation and moving the mRNA and the ribosome with respect to one another such that codons can be translated successively.

4. Termination

The termination deals with hydrolysis of the growing chain and the completed protein is disintegrated and sequentially disassociated from the synthesis machinery and the ribosomes are released to begin another cycle of synthesis.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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List the steps of the process that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells during translation.

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