Question 3a: Translation is another name for protein synthesis. How does the ribosome know that it...

Question 3a:

Translation is another name for protein synthesis. How does the ribosome know that it should terminate translation?

Describe briefly what happens to terminate translation.

Question 3b:

i) What does it mean when someone says that a mutation is cis-acting?

ii) What would it mean if someone said that a mutation is trans-acting?

Expert Solution

Ribosomes know that it has to terminate translation when :
Ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, and UGA). Since there are no tRNA molecules that can recognize these codons, the ribosome recognizes it.
Translation termination.
Termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA (UAA, UAG, or UGA) enters the A site.
Stop codons are recognized by proteins called release factors, which fit into the P site.
Release factors disrupts enzyme that forms peptide bonds and they make it add a water molecule to the last amino acid of the chain.This separates the chain from tRNA and a new protein is formed.
3b.
i)cis acting mutation:
When mutation occurs at two or more locus
especially pseudoalleles that occurrs on the same chromosome of a homologous pair.
ii) Trans acting mutation
Mutation occuring at two or more locus especially pseudoalleles, occurring on opposite chromosomes of a homologous pair.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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