Question

Pick 4 antibiotics drugs and write

1) drug name

2)therapeutic/pharmacologic class

3)Indication/ use

4)Adverse/side effects

5)nursing considerations

Answer 1

four antibiotics are

1. AMOXICILLIN

.class of drug - semi synthetic derivative of pencillin . beta lactum family of antibiotics

attach to bacterial cell wall and leads to cell death (bactericidal)

. theraputic uses - used to treat bacterial infections like middle ear infection , streptococus throat infections, pneumonia , skin infections, urinary tract infection ,

taken by oral route and less commonly by injection

side effects - nausea , rash , vomiting , antibiotic assosiated colitis , diarrhea

rare adverse events are mental changes , insomnia , confusion , anxiety

nursing consideration while giving these medicine is it should not used in those having allergy to pencillin

. it cause increased risk of diarrhea when used in combination with clavulanic acid

while using in patient with known case of kidney disease , the dose should be reduced

it can safely used in pregnancy and lactating ,mother

2. CEFTRIAXONE

class of drug - it is 3 rd generation cephalosporin group of antibiotic and beta lactam family of antibiotic

action by binding irreversibily to bacterial cell wall and inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis . and eventualy bacerial cell lysis

indications are middile ear infections , endocarditis , pneumonia , meningitis , bone and soft tissue infections , intra abdominal infections , urinar\y tracrt infections , gonorrhoea ,pelvic inflamatory disease , before undergoing any surgical procedures

it is given by injection to either vein or muscles .

adverse effects are allergy , pain at the site of injection , clostrtidium deficile assosiated diarrhea, hemolytic anemia , gall bladder disease , seizure

nursing consideration while adminsrting the drug is , it is not recomended in those who are having allergy to this medicine,

this ,medicine not given with intravenous calcium as ceftriaxone calcium precipitate coulfd form

safe to give during pregnancy and lactation

  

3. METRONIDAZOLE

class of drug - it is comming under nitroimidazole class ,

action is by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting dna of microbial cells. this function occiur only when metronidazole partially reduced , this occur only in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans. so it ihas little effect up on human cells or aerobic bacteria . used oraly , injection , topicaly

indication are in inflamatory disease , endocarditis , bacerial vaginosis , dracunculiasis , giardiasis , trichomoniasis , amoebiasis . treatment of mild to moderate clostridium difficile colitis if vancomycin not available, intraabdominal infections , oral infections , to eradicate h. pylori infection

adverse effects are nausea , metalic taste , loss of appetite, headache , seizure or allergy

high dose and long term use can cause leucopenia , neutropenia , increased risk of peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system toxicity

nursing consideration while adminstering this drug is avoid in those having allergy .

dont use in patient under alchol effect , as it causes disulfiram like reaction such as nausea , vomiting , flushing . tachycardia , shortness of breat.

avoid use with mebendazole drug , as rislk of developing steven johnson syndrome is high.

4 . DOXYCYCLIN

Class of drug - tetracyclin antibiotic , it is bacteriostatic . works by preventing bacteria from reproducing through inhibition of protien synthesis . highly lipophilic ,so easily absorbed after oral adminstration, and does not accumulate in patient with kidney failure due to compensatory excreation in faeces. broad spectrum action .

indications are bacterial pneumonia , acne , chlamydia infection , lymes disease. cholera , typhus , syphilis , also to prevent malaria in combination with quinine

used either by mouth , or injection to vein

adverse effects are diarrhea , nausea , vomiting , increased risk of sunburn , use after first trimester of pregnancy and in children results in problem, with teeth like change in colour

nursing considreation while use are use plenty pof water while drug intame to prevent gastritis ,  

avoid diary products , antacids , calcium supplements , iron products , laxatives containing magnesium .. as these food item may decreases its effecivness.

avoid sun exposure