Question

19. Which of the following are correct?

1. The Thyroid gland is considered an exocrine gland.
2. The Parathyroid gland is considered both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
3. The ovaries and testes are considered endocrine glands.
4. The pancreas is considered only an endocrine gland.
5. The pituitary gland is considered an exocrine gland.
6. none of the statements are correct

*20. Which of the following are correct?

1. A mother is lactating. The two hormones involved with milk production and milk ejection are Prolactin and Oxytocin respectively.
2. A patient has an abnormally low blood calcium level, one would expect the levels of Calcitonin might be elevated in an attempt to return the body to homeostasis.
3. Most hormones help maintain homeostasis and therefore operate and are controlled by negative feedback loops.
4. Damage to the posterior pituitary gland could disrupt the release of oxytocin and ADH. We might suspect that the kidneys and cardiovascular system would be adversely impacted by damage to the posterior pituitary.
5. none of the above are correct
6. If my blood glucose levels are low (depressed), my body would respond in a positive feedback fashion by producing glucagon to increase my glucose levels.

*26. Which of the following statements are accurate?

1. Natural killer cells function in detection and destruction of bacterial cells.
2. Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, and Basophils are all white blood cells that are part of the immune system.
3. T cells and B cells are both considered part of the adaptive immune system.
4. none of the answers are correct
5. Macrophages are innate immune cells that are capable of pathogen phagocytosis.
6. B cells will be important in the production of antibodies. Some of their clones will be called 'plasma cells' that produce antibodies.

Answer 1

Answer for question 19:

Statement 1: The Thyroid gland is considered an exocrine gland.- FALSE

Explanation: The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland.

Statement 2:The Parathyroid gland is considered both an endocrine and an exocrine gland.-FALSE

Explanation: The parathyroid gland has only endocrine function.

Statement 3:The ovaries and testes are considered endocrine glands.-TRUE

Explanation: These two glands are endocrine glands as the hormones from these glands are secreted directly in the bloodstream without the involvement of any ducts.

Statement 4:The pancreas is considered only an endocrine gland.-FALSE

Explanation: The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. So, it is called a mixed gland.

Statement 5:The pituitary gland is considered an exocrine gland.-FALSE

Explanation: the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland as the hormones released by pituitary are directly circulated by blood.

Statement 6: none of the statements are correct-FALSE

Explanation: As there are few statements s which are true above, this option is FALSE.

Answer for Question no. 20:

Statement 1-A mother is lactating. The two hormones involved with milk production and milk ejection are Prolactin and Oxytocin respectively.- TRUE

Explanation: these two hormones are involved in a lactating mother's milk production(prolactin) and milk ejection(oxytocin).

Statement 2-A patient has an abnormally low blood calcium level, one would expect the levels of Calcitonin might be elevated in an attempt to return the body to homeostasis.- FALSE

Explanation: Calcitonin secretion is elevated to reduce the level of blood calcium level. So the patient who has a lower level of calcium in blood already, would not have an elevated level of calcitonin.

Statement 3-Most hormones help maintain homeostasis and therefore operate and are controlled by negative feedback loops.-TRUE

Explanation: One of the major roles of hormones is to maintain homeostasis. Which is controlled by negative feedback loops. Example: Glucose homeostasis is attained by hormones insulin and glucagon through negative feedback loops.

Statement 4- Damage to the posterior pituitary gland could disrupt the release of oxytocin and ADH. We might suspect that the kidneys and cardiovascular system would be adversely impacted by damage to the posterior pituitary.-TRUE

Explanation: The normal functioning of the kidney and cardiovascular system is dependent on the secretion of ADH and Oxytocin hormones which is released from the posterior pituitary. So, damage to the posterior pituitary would cause adversity in the kidney and cardiovascular system.

Statement 5-none of the above are correct-FALSE

Explanation: There are a few statements that are correct above. So, this statement is false.

Statement 6-If my blood glucose levels are low (depressed), my body would respond in a positive feedback fashion by producing glucagon to increase my glucose levels.-FALSE

Explanation: the production of glucagon and controlling the blood glucose level is mediated by a negative feedback loop.

Answer for Question number 26:

Statement 1:Natural killer cells function in the detection and destruction of bacterial cells.-TRUE

Explanation: the natural killer cells kill bacterial cells by disrupting the bacterial cell wall.

Statement 2:Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, and Basophils are all white blood cells that are part of the immune system.-TRUE

Explanation: all these white blood cells are part of the immune system in performing several roles such as phagocytosis, allergic reaction, etc.

Statement 3:T cells and B cells are both considered part of the adaptive immune system.-TRUE

Explanation: Both T and B cells are involved in various processes in the adaptive immune system. such as antigen recognition, antibody production, etc.

Statement 4:none of the answers are correct-FALSE

Explanation: As there are few statements that are correct above, so this option is false.

Statement 5:Macrophages are innate immune cells that are capable of pathogen phagocytosis.-TRUE

Explanation: Macrophages are phagocytic cells, which are involved in innate immune defense and they do so by phagocyting the pathogen and foreign particles.

Statement 6: B cells will be important in the production of antibodies. Some of their clones will be called 'plasma cells' that produce antibodies.-TRUE

Explanation: B cells mature to form two kinds of cells one is memory cell and the other one is the plasma cell. the plasma cells secrete soluble antibody molecules.