Goiters are caused by excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland. a) Explain why an individual with...

Goiters are caused by excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland.

a) Explain why an individual with hyperthyroidism may develop a goiter

b) Explain why an individual with hypothyroidism may develop a goiter

Expert Solution

Answer

a) Hyperthyroidism may develop a goiter

Due to any autoimmune disorder such as Graves' disease, the antibodies of the body attacks cells in the thyroid gland.
This attack stimulates thyroid gland to produce large quantities of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine).
Overstimulation of thyroid gland leads to swelling of the tissue.
Eventually thyroid gland enlarges and the condition is known as goiter.

b) Hypothyroidism may develop a goiter

Primary hypothyroidism occurs when abnormality in thyroid gland (atrophy of gland or destruction of cells) prevents it from producing thyroid hormones.
Due to unavailibility of thyroid hormone, there is no negative feedback to stop secretion of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland respectively.
TSH constantly stimulate thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.
This overstimulation causes the gland to swell and enlarge leading to a condition called goiter.

Sydney Mullin answered 2 years ago

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