Which is the process by which a process by which a protein is constructed?

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Expert Solution

Answer: Trnascription ----> translation ----> protein synthesis

Reason:

Gene transcription is the first step in protein synthesis. A group of transcription factors assemble at the promoter region of DNA, and bind to TATA box to change its shape. This event exposes the binding sites of other transcription factors. After several of these events, RNA polymerase binds.

The pathway of protein synthesis and secretion:

The process of protein synthesis starts in the nucleus and ends in the cytoplasm. DNA stores the information about proteins, but the process of protein synthesis needs three types of RNA (ribonucleic acid), messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which translate the DNA’s information to form proteins.

During protein synthesis, mRNA is synthesised under the direction of DNA. The message carried by the DNA is read by the mRNA, this process is called “transcription,” it takes place in the nucleus. This mRNA then carries the information to the tRNA and rRNA, which translate the genetic code into proteins, this process is called “translation” and this takes place in the cytoplasm (ribosomes).

Endoplasmic reticulum is physically continuous with the outer membrane of nuclear membrane. Based upon the presence of granules, which are studded with ribosomes, it is of two types, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). RER contains ribosomes and hence capable to synthesise polypeptides. SER does not have attached ribosomes, it synthesises lipids (Eg: phospholipids and steroids).

(protein transport or transport of proteins) The process of protein synthesis and secretion starts from the endoplasmic reticulum. The polypeptide chain is formed in the ribosomes, and then transferred to the Golgi apparatus, where the final modifications are done. The Golgi apparatus sorts the modified poly peptide molecules and packages into new transport vesicles which reach their particular destinations.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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