Question

Week 2 Pre-Work Cynthia Bennet

Cynthia Bennet Part 1

Describe the manifestations of hyperkalemia.

What interventions should the nurse implement for a hyperkalemic patient, and why?

Describe what happens to blood glucose levels during times of infection, and what education is necessary for diabetic patients who have an infection.

Cynthia Bennet Part 2

List three signs and symptoms from each of the following body systems that occur during an anaphylactic reaction: Respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and dermatological.

Describe the care and interventions for a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction (with rationales for each intervention).

Explain the collaborative role of the nurse, and priority nursing interventions when caring for a client who is undergoing hemodialysis.

Answer 1

1. Manifestation of hyperkalemia

* muscle weakness or paralysis

* cardiac conduction abnormalities

* cardiac arrhythmias

* shortness of breath

* chest pain

Hyperkalemia is a complex medical issue with the potential to develop multiststem complications.rapid identification and treatment of this electrolytes abnormality are essential to prevent the development of potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

* Discontinue diuretics/ laxative

* use pottasium sparing diuretics therapy is required

* treat diarrhea or vomiting

* administer H2 blockers to patients receiving nasogastric suction

* control hyperglycemia if glycosuria is present

2. Infection causes a stress response in the body by increasing the amount of certain hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline.these hormones work against the action of insulin and as a result the boys production of glucose increases,which results in high blood sugar levels.

Adopt healthy eating habits through nutrition education,including meal planning weight loss strategies and other disease specific nutrition counseling.develop problem solving strategies and skills to self manage diabetes.monitor blood glucose and learn how to interpret and appropriately respond to the results.

Respiratory anaphylactic signs and symptoms

3. * Skin reactions

* hypotension

* rapid pulse

* nausea,vomiting or diarrhea

* dizziness or fainting

* breathing difficulty

Cardiovascular

* shock

* cardiac arrhythmias

* ventricular dysfunction

* cardiac arrest

* rapid pulse

Gastrointestinal

* bloody stools

* diarrhea

* vomiting

* troubles swallowing

* tightness in the chest

Dermatological

* skin reactions,including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin

Nursing intervention

* monitor client airway :- assess the client for the sensation of a narrowed airway

* monitor oxygen status

* focus breathing :- instruct the client to breath slowly and deeply

* positioning :- should be up right position

* activity :- encourage adequate rest and limit activities to within clients tolerance

* hemodynamic parameters :- monitor the client central venous pressure

* monitor urine output

Rational

* assessment findings including respiratory rate, character of breath sounds,frequency,amount and appearance of secretion presence of cynosis,: laboratory findings and mentation level

* condition that may interfere with oxygen supply

* prior medication use

* client response to the treatment

4. Nurses collaborate with patients significant others,Families other nurse and other health Care providers to solve patient care problems and to provide the optimal quality level of care to the patient or group of patients.

Nursing interventions hemodialysis

*Palpate for distal thrill

* auscultate for a bruit

* note color of blood and or obvious separation of cells and serum

* palpate skin Around shunt for warmth

* notify physician and or initiate declotting procedure if there is evidence of loss of shunt patency

* avoid trauma to shunt

* Avoid taking BP or drawing blood samples in shunt extremely.instruct patient not to sleep one side with shunt or carry packages,books purpose on affected extremely

* attach two cannula clamps to shunt dressing

* avoid contamination of access site.

* use aseptic technique and mask when giving shunt care

* monitor temperature,