Question

The new coronavirus kills by inflaming and clogging the tiny air sacs in the lungs, choking off the body's oxygen supply until it shuts down the organs essential for life.
But clinicians around the world are seeing evidence that suggests the virus also may be causing heart inflammation, acute kidney disease, neurological malfunction, blood clots, intestinal damage and liver problems. That development has complicated treatment for the most severe cases of covid-19, the illness caused by the virus, and makes the course of recovery less certain, they said.

1. Given the above information, formulate an appropriate title and discuss the information in one full page.

Answer 1

•For the assay you must write the following points in details –

1.Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus.

2.Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s

3.The name “coronavirus” comes from the crown-like projections on their surfaces. “Corona” in Latin means “halo” or “crown.”Among humans, coronavirus infections most often occur during the winter months and early spring.

4.Coronaviruses belong to the subfamily Coronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae. Different types of coronavirus vary, in terms of the severity of disease that they cause and how far they spread. Doctors currently recognize seven types of coronavirus that can infect humans.

•Common types include:

•229E (alpha coronavirus)

•NL63 (alpha coronavirus)

•OC43 (beta coronavirus)

•HKU1 (beta coronavirus)

•Rarer strains that cause more severe illnesses include MERS-CoV, which causes the disease MERS, and SARS-CoV, the virus responsible for SARS.

•In 2019, a new strain, called SARS-CoV-2, started circulating, causing the disease COVID-19. In 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) started monitoring the outbreak of a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Authorities first identified the virus in Wuhan, China.

•Symptoms of COVID-19

•a fever

•chills

•repeated shaking with chills

•muscle pain

•a headache

•a sore throat

•new loss of taste or smell

•people aged 65 years or older

•people living in nursing homes or care facilities

•people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions, including chronic lung disease, serious heart conditions, severe obesity, a compromised immune system, or diabetes

•Action of virus :-

i.Viruses work by hijacking cells in the body. They enter host cells and reproduce. They can then spread to new cells around the body.

ii.affect different parts of this respiratory system, such as the lungs, coronavirus typically infects the lining of the throat, airways, and lungs.

iii.Pneumonia occurs if the virus causes infection of one or both lungs. The tiny air sacs inside the lungs can fill with fluid or pus, making it harder to breathe.

iv.Coronavirus can also damage the heart, liver, or kidneys. In some people, it will affect the blood and immune system. For example, COVID-19 can cause heart, renal, or multiple organ failure, resulting in death.

v.The heart may struggle to pump blood in the absence of enough oxygen; the virus may directly invade heart cells; or the body, in its attempt to eradicate the virus, may mobilize a storm of immune cells that attack the heart.

vi.coronavirus effects on Kidney :- [1] developed massively elevated levels of albumin in urine (=proteinuria), a symptom of kidney[2]many have blood loss in their urine (hematuria).

vii.Liver damage in mild cases of COVID-19 is often temporary and the organ can return to normal without any special treatment. This could be due to the state of direct infection of liver cells or could as well be due to liver cells getting caught up in the immune war between body’s immune system and the virus with chemicals produced by our body, namely cytokines. More patients with severe disease had abnormal liver function tests than did non-severe patients with COVID. Those who tested positive for the virus (sub-clinical phase, identified by contact tracing), but did not develop symptoms had much less involvement of the liver. In short, liver injury depends on severity of COVID-19.

see photo for structure of covid- 19.