Question

Which of the following physiologic changes are expected during pregnancy? a. increase in fibrinogen b. deceased minute ventilation c. decreased plasma volume. d. increase in glucose utilization.

**Gravida refers to which of the following descriptions? a. A serious pregnancy b. Number of term pregnancies a female has had c. Number of times a female has been pregnant d. Number of children a female has delivered

***On which of the following areas would the nurse expect to observe chloasma? a. Abdomen, breast, and thighs b. Breast, areola, and nipples c. Chest, neck, arms, and legs d. Cheeks, forehead, and nose

**GTT( glucose tolerance test) is a diagnostic test done to detect gestational diabetes a. False b. True

**Supine hypotension syndrome can be corrected by changing the pregnant woman position from supine to left lateral position a. False b. True **Supine hypotension syndrome can be corrected by changing the pregnant woman position from supine to left lateral position a. False b. True

Answer 1

1.Which of the following physiologic changes are expected during pregnancy?

Ans.a. increase in fibrinogen

• Pregnancy & fibrinogen:Pregnancy changes the plasma levels of many clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, which can rise up to three times its normal value.

• Pregnancy & Minute ventillation: Minute ventillation starts to increase significantly (by up to 48%) during the first trimester of gestation, due to higher tidal ​​​​​​​volume. This ventilatory pattern is then maintained throughout the course of pregnancy.

• Pregnancy & Plasma volume: During pregnancy, maternal plasma volume increases to meet the greater circulatory needs of the placenta and maternal organs (e.g., uterus, breasts, skin, and kidneys), with an average increase of ∼45%.

• Pregnancy & Glucose utilisation:   A progressive alteration of maternal glucose homeostasis develops throughout gestation and becomes maximal during the last trimester. A relative hypoglycemia is observed during the postabsorptive period despite an elevated plasma insulin concentration and an enhanced hepatic glucose production. In addition, the glucose utilization rate by peripheral maternal tissues is lowered in late gestation indicating that the mother supplies glucose to the fetus at the expense of her own tissues.

2.Gravida refers to which of the following descriptions?

Ans.c. Number of times a female has been pregnant

Gravida indicates the number of times a woman is or has been pregnant, regardless of the pregnancy outcome.

3.On which of the following areas would the nurse expect to observe chloasma?

Ans.d. Cheeks, forehead, and nose

Chloasma is a common skin condition among pregnant women. It usually presents as dark, brownish patches of skin, mostly on the forehead, nose, upper lip, and cheeks.

4.GTT( glucose tolerance test) is a diagnostic test done to detect gestational diabetes?

Ans.b. True

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is mainly used in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. For OGTT the patient is required to fast for 8 hours and then a fasting plasma glucose is tested, after that oral glucose solution is given. After that blood samples can be drawn up to 4 times at different intervals to measure the blood glucose. A OGTT is usually performed in the morning as glucose levels usually fall by afternoon.

5.Supine hypotension syndrome can be corrected by changing the pregnant woman position from supine to left lateral position?

Ans.b. True

Reason: By changing the position to left lateral from supine position, the compression of vena cava by gravid uterus can be reduced so that hypotension can be prevented.