What roles do hormones epinephrine (adrenaline), insulin, and glucagon have on metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty...

What roles do hormones epinephrine (adrenaline), insulin, and glucagon have on metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids in muscle or liver cells.

Also include the enzymes that have covalent modication regulated by them.

Expert Solution

Epinephrine

Epinephrine binds ?-adrenergic receptors and inhibits insulin secretion by the pancreas and then stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle and in muscles it stimulates glycolysis and inhibits glycogenesis in muscle.
Stimulation of glucagon secretion in the pancreas and increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion by the pituitary gland by ?-adrenergic receptor binding leads to increased lipolysis by adipose tissue.

Insulin

Insulin is secreted by ?- cells of the pancreatic islets and is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein in liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells.[
In the above mentioned tissues, the glucose is converted into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats through lipogenesis and both in liver.
The production of glucose and its secretion by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood.

Glucagon

Glucagon increases concentration of glucose in the blood by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.
Glucagon also decreases fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue and the liver, as well as promoting lipolysis in these tissues.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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