Question

The nurse is caring for a client with a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The nurse knows the type of anemia is called ___________________________. The three types of macrocytic anemias are ______________________, ______________________________, ___________________________________. List at least 5 of the signs and symptoms of anemia.

Answer 1

It is also called Iron deficiency anemia.

Macrocytic anemia

In this type of anemia occur due to large RBC cells. RBC larger than 100fL are considered macrocytic.

Types of macrocytic anemia

Macrocytic anemia are classified into two types. They are,

1. Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia
2. Non megaloblastic macrocytic  anemia.

Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

In this type of anemia occur as a result of errors of red blood cell DNA production. RBC cells are larger but lacks number of RBC in blood.

It is caused by vitamin B-12 deficiency, folate deficiency and certain drugs chemotherapy such as hydroxyurea, antiseizure and antiretroviral drugs.  

Non megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

In type of anemia has no impairment of DNA synthesis occur. It is caused by a number of factors such as chronic alcoholism, liver disease and hypothyroidism.

Vitamin B12 and folate levels are normal.

Signs and symptoms of anemia

These signs and symptoms shows when patient Hb count goes below normal range.

1. Dizziness or lightheadness

2. Fast or unsual heartbeat.

3. Shortness of breath

4. Pallor

5. Weakness.

6.Brittle nails

7. Cold hands and legs.