Question

The nurse is caring for a client in the emergency room with a chief complaint of fever, and cough for the last 3 days. The client has the following data:

	Client Information
Medical Diagnosis	Rheumatoid Arthritis, Influenza A
Social History	Sister in law died of lung cancer Multiple sexual partners in the last year, worked in a factory for 20 years, Exercises one a week
Medical History	History of Epilepsy, Was treated for Herpes Simplex- 1, and had acute bronchitis last month, has mononucleosis as a teenager
Physical Examination	Female, 47 year old Height: 5’6” Weight: 232 lbs Skin is rough, and wrinkled, from years of tanning bed use
Lab Results	Mild anemia Hypernatremia
Current Medications	Using Estrogen cream for early menopause symptoms

1. Which information makes your client high-risk for the development of cancer?

Circle the text that supports your decision, only the text that supports your decision.

2. Write each characteristic below and provide a rationale for why it increases this client’s risk.

1. What are 4 characteristics of cancer cells that are different from normal cells. Be specific

Answer 1

Answer: The information which makes the client high- risk for the development of cancer is

• Skin is rough,and wrinkled from years of tanning bed use.

Rationale: The risk of Tanning

• Sun burn
• Sun Tan
• Premature Aging/ Photoaging
• Skin Cancer
• Actinic or Solar Keratoses
• .Eye Damage,Photokeratitis,Cataracts
• Immune system suppression

Skin cancer- abnormal growth of skin cells-most often develops on skin exposed to the sun due to ultraviolet radiation (UV).Cumilative sun exposure causes mainly 3 major types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.

Symptoms: Skin cancer develops primarily on areas of sun exposed skin,including the scalp,face,lips,ears,neck,chest,arms and hand,and on the legs in women.

Basal cell carcinoma signs and symptoms:This mainly occurs in such exposed areas of neck or face.It may appear as

• A pearly or waxy bump
• A flat,flesh-colored or brown scar- like lesion
• A bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and returns.

Squamous cell carcinoma signs and symptoms

It occurs on sun exposed areas of of the body such as face,ears and hands.People with darker skin are more prone to develop squamous cell carcinoma.It may appears as:

• A firm,red nodule
• A flat lesion with a scaly,crusted surface.

Melanoma signs and symptoms: It can develop anywhere in the body,in otherwise normal skin or in an existing mole that becomes cancerous.It most often appears on the face or the trunk of affected men.In women,this type of cancer most often develops on the lower legs.In both men and women,melanoma can occur on skin that hasn’t been exposed to the sun.Melanoma can affect people of any skin tone.In people with darker skin tones it tends to occur on the palms or soles,or under the fingernails or toenails.

Signs include:

• A large brownish spot with darker speckles
• A mole that changes in color,size or feel or that bleeds
• A small lesion with an irregular border and portions that appear red,pink,white,blue or blue black
• A painful lesion that itches or burns
• Dark lesions on the palms,soles,fingertips or toe,or on mucous membranes lining the mouth,nose,vagina.

Causes: Skin cancer occurs when errors (mutations) occur in the DNA of skin cells.The mutations cause the cells to grow out of control and from a mass of cancer cells.

Charecteristics of cancer cells: Cancer cells grow and divide at an abnormally rapid rate,are poorly differentiated and have abnormal membranes,cystoskeletal proteins,and morphology.The abnormality in cells to benign tumors to malignant tumors.

Charecteristics of normal cells: Normal cells have normal DNA and a normal number of chromosomes.