Question

What is the relationship between paternalism and autonomy. Explain. Then discuss how these questions come into play in terms of questions of abortion and euthanasia. What is the argument for being paternalistic here, what is the argument for being in favor of autonomy

Answer 1

Paternalism and Autonomy:

Paternalism is the treatment of people in a fatherly manner , especially by caring for them but sometimes being stern with them. In paternalism decisions are done in the assumed interest of a person  without the person's consent . This philosophy will interfere with the autonomy or liberty of a person, but with the intent of preventing harm and promoting good of the patient. The laws like wearing seat belts or helmets while riding motor cycles are the examples of paternalism.

Autonomy: It refers to the freedom to act or function independently . It is the capacity to make an informed , uncoerced decision . It ensures the people's freedom to have choices.  

Both paternalism and Autonomy should work in hand in hand , they need not be antithetical principles. Hard paternalism is looking for patient's benefits rather than patient's freedom of choice. Paternalism is the traditional characteristics in  medicine . It plays a major role in End of life Care.  

Abortion : The cessation of pregnancy or fetal development . An induced abortion ,the act of process inducing the cessation of pregnancy.

Paternalistic view : Abortion can be performed if it the pregnancy is risk to mother's health and life, without her consent

Autonomy: Autonomy ensures the women's freedom of choice on terminating pregnancy or not .

Euthanasia:The practice of intentionally and painlessly killing a human being or animal for humane reasons , especially in order to end great suffering or poor quality of life.  

Paternalistic view : The decision that benefits the patient can be taken. If the death is the answer for the chronic pain or suffering in a non reversible damage , then the Mercy killing can be performed without consent as the client is not in a position to take the decision.

Autonomy: This philosophy argues for the patient's decision or Advanced living wills for the decision for Euthanasia.