Question

What are the primary differences between the central and peripheral nervous systems? What body parts comprise the major structures of these systems? Explain the word parts that make up the body parts of the systems. Describe the functions of each of these major structures and how they relate to the overall function of each system. Also, list and describe a health disorder that affects the central nervous system as well as one that affects the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 1

1. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes all of the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord and extend to other parts of the body including muscles and organs.The CNS is the control center, brain and spinal cord. The PNS is nerve fibers that carry information to and from the CNS. White matter is myelinated fibers and is in the inside of the brain and outside of spinal cord.
2. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.
3. The main systems of the human body are: Circulatory system / Cardiovascular system,digestive system and excretory system,endocrine systemintegumentary system / exocrine system,immune system and lymphatic system,muscular system,nervous system,renal system and urinary system.
4. The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.The CNS is the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is everything else. Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into those regions that are responsible for sensation, those that are responsible for integration, and those that are responsible for generating responses.
5. Addiction,arachnoid cysts,attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),autism,bipolar disorder,catalepsy,depression,encephalitis.Some of them are persistent headache; pain in the face, back, arms, or legs; an inability to concentrate; loss of feeling; memory loss; loss of muscle strength; tremors; seizures; increased reflexes, spasticity, tics; paralysis; and slurred speech. One should seek medical attention if affected by these.Any type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) or injury done to the spinal cord can result in a wide spectrum of disabilities in a person. Depending on the section of the brain or spinal cord that suffers the trauma, the outcome may be anticipated.Infectious diseases are transmitted in several ways. Some of these infections may affect the brain or spinal cord directly. Generally, an infection is a disease that is caused by the invasion of a microorganism or virus.Degenerative spinal disorders involve a loss of function in the spine. Pressure on the spinal cord and nerves may be associated with herniation or disc displacement. Brain degeneration also causes central nervous system diseases (i.e. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases). Studies have shown that obese people may have severe degeneration in the brain due to loss of tissue affecting cognition.

Peripheral neuropathy, a result of damage to the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord(peripheral nerves),often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in your hands and feet.It can also affect other areas of your body.Peripheral nervous system sends information from your brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) to the rest of your body.The peripheral nerves also send sensory information to the central nervous system.Peripheral neuropathy can result from traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic problems, inherited causes and exposure to toxins.One of the most common causes is diabetes.People with peripheral neuropathy generally describe the pain as stabbing, burning or tingling.In many cases, symptoms improve, especially if caused by a treatable condition. Medications can reduce the pain of peripheral neuropathy.
Symptoms:-
Every nerve in your peripheral system has a specific function, so symptoms depend on the type of nerves affected. Nerves are classified into:Sensory nerves that receive sensation, such as temperature, pain, vibration or touch, from the skin.Motor nerves that control muscle movement.Autonomic nerves that control functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, digestion and bladder.Signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy might include:- Gradual onset of numbness, prickling or tingling in your feet or hands, which can spread upward into your legs and arms.Sharp, jabbing, throbbing or burning pain.Extreme sensitivity to touch.Pain during activities that shouldn't cause pain, such as pain in your feet when putting weight on them or when they're under a blanket.Lack of coordination and falling.Muscle weakness.Feeling as if you're wearing gloves or socks when you're not.Paralysis if motor nerves are affected.