Question

I. Describe the different bonds that exist between the different macromolecules (Big 4). If there are variations

in bonding that change physical properties make sure to mention that as well.

Answer 1

the Major four macromolecules are Carbohydrate, Lipids, proteins and Nucleic acids.

The bond in carbohydrate is Glycosidic linkage it is a type of covalant bond which is formed by dehydration synthesis reaction the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of another monomer, releasing a molecule of water.

Lipids Posses Ester linkage between triglycerides . each triglycerides consisted of a glycerol and three fatty acid.. Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated. This is determined by how many double bonds exist in the fatty acid molecule. When there are more double bonds, the fatty acid is more fluid-like and flexible in the cells where they work. Saturated fats do not contain double bonds and are solid at room temperature. Fats posses long chain of carbon so it do not dissolve in ionic solution or polar solvent.

Protein is made up of amino acids Peptide bond formed by condensation reaction between two amino acids, relessing one H20 (Water) molecule. peptide bond is formed between NH2 and COOH of two amino acid.

Nucleic acid - it is polymer of Nucleotides

firstly Nitrogen Base and Pentose Suger are linked by N-Glycosidic bond. this bond is formed between 2nd Carbon iof Pentose suger and Nitrogen Base.it give rise to from Nucleoside.

Further phosphate group is attached at 3rd or 5th carbon of pentose suger of nucleoside. to form nucleotide.

no. of nucleotides combine by forming phosphoester bond between Phosphate group of one nucleotide and 3rd Cabon, to form polynucleotides to form polynucleotide chain.

two polynucleotide chain combine with each other with the help of hydrogen bonds between Nitrogen Base.their are two hydrogen bond between G and C while Single Hydrogen bond is present A and T.

if not understood reply i'll send images of bonds between molecules