Question

 Describe the relationship between functional groups and macromolecules.  Compare and contrast different types of isomeric compounds.  List the different kinds of biological macromolecules.  What is the special type of reaction that they all have in common to put them together? What about to breaks them apart?  Understand the relationship between amino acid sequence and their three-dimensional structure.  Know what makes the 20 different amino acids. Know the general structure of an amino acid.

Answer 1

Relationship between functional group and macromolecules

Macromolecules are large biological molecules having attached with active functional group for different functions. For examples amino acids attached with different function group with a bond to form different protein. Lipid has functional group which gives its functional role as phospholipid, sphingo lipid. Here one lipid molecules attached with phosphate or other carbohydrate ologochains to form a membrane protein. Functional also decides the polarity of macromolecules. Eg. Lipida (hydrophobic ) have long chain of hydrophilic group which makes it soluble.

List of Different type of macromolecules

Lipid, protein and carbohydrate are important biological macromolecules.

Common reaction of macromolecules

Common reaction in macromolecules that put them together is called as dehydration reaction of synthesis. In this reaction two large molecules bounded by loosing one water molecules. Eq. phospholipids, glycolipids etc.

And a hydrolysis reaction which breaks them in two molecules by donating one H+ and OH- from H20.

Different types of isomers

Isomers as different forms of compound. Which is classified in figure A.

understanding the relationship between amino acid and protein structure.

protein is a long chain of polypeptide molecules. when amino acids joied with each other with peptide bond and released water, the long chain of amino acids with peptide bond is called as polypeptide chain. this amino acid have side chain functional group which decides the over all function of that particular protein. depending upon the biological function of protein, amino acids intract with each other with hydrogen bonds, co valent intraction, van der wals bonds and hydrophobic intraction to make its primery, secondary, tertiory and quaternory structure of protein. this folding of amin acid chain gives protein a unique 3D structure for particular function.

general structure of amino acid

amino acids have amino group and caboxyl group present on their ends (as shown in figure). the side chain group (R) which is bind to amino acid is differ in different amino acids which makes all 20 amino acid different.