Question

Explian in a simple paragraph how the genome project was sequenced?

How is traditional DNA sequencing performed? What sort of information is obtained from DNA sequencing? Explain in a paragragh.

Answer 1

Genome projects are scientific endeavours that ultimately aim to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism and to annotate protein-coding genes and other important genome encoded features.

The genome sequence of an organism includes the collective DNA sequence of each chromosome in the organism. For a bacterium containing a single chromosome , a genome project will aim to map the sequence of that chromosome. For human species, whose genome includes 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes , a complete genome sequence will involve 46 saperate chromosomes sequences.

How is DNA sequencing performed

1. DNA sequencing involves the process of figuring out the precise order of the 4 bases found in one piece of DNA.

2. The DNA is really just a template that is used to create a series of fragments.

3. The fragments differ in length by one base and they are saperated by size before the bases are identified, which then effectively recreates the original DNA sequence.

4. Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes one copy of the human genome.

5. Because technology has limitations, we are limited in how many bases can be readed at one time.

6.Therefore, we cant just read each base from one end of a chromosome to the other. To make it feasible, the chromosome is cut down into smaller fragments.

Applications

1.With its study we can understand the function of a specific sequence and the sequence responsible for any disease.

2. With the help of comparative DNA sequence study we can detect any mutation.

3. DNA fingerprinting.

4. By knowing the whole genome sequence , human genome project get completed.