Question

Theorist’s Background: Briefly identify the theorist’s background, including credentials and practice experiences, title of model/theory, reason for development and how the model/theory is classified (level of theory development) by the nursing community.Neuman's systerm model

Answer 1

Ans:). THEORISTS BACKGROUND

A Theorist is a person who considers the facts given and comes up with possible explanations.

   A Theorist use reasoning to come up with practical ideas(must be proven) and use different phenomena . Theorists spend most of their time in proving the practical ideas.

Eg theory of relativity by Elbert Einstein..

Theorist learn through the process of experiencing and is defined as "learning through doing".it involves EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING which includes Theory of David Kolb which defines this type of learning as the process in which knowledge is created through transformation of experiences.knowledge results from combination of grasping and transforming the experience.

The title summarizes the main idea of study .A good title should contain precise words that will adequately describe the content and purpose of research .while giving title ,following things should be set in mind:

• Purpose of research
• Scope of research
• Method used to study the problem.
• The final title is created after the completion of research so that it will adequately capture what has been done

Theories are created through the process of scientific method.Hypotheses is generated after observation and research which is then tested and the hypothesis can become a scientific theory if additional research is done.

Before development of a theory we have to conceive a theory ,develop a theory to explain the law,doing research,build hypothesis,keep precise records,evaluate the result,draw a conclusion.

Development of nursing theory demands to understand terminologies,definitions and assumptions.nursing theories define and demonestrate the phenomena of nursing

CLASSIFICATION OF THEORIES BY NURSING COMMUNITY:

1)GRAND NURSING THEORY:(provides framework and ideas about nursing, addresses nursing meta paradigm , components of person,nursing,health etc.

2)​​​​ MIDDLE RANGE NURSING THEORY: address specific phenomena in nursing,can be conceived from research nursing practice.

3) PRACTICE LEVEL NURSING THEORIES:provides framework for nursing intervention and suggest outcomes or effect of nursing practice.

DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES:describe phenomena and identify it's properties and components in which it occurs.They are not action oriented

PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES:guides practice range and predict consequences,they are used to anticipate the outcome of nursing intervention.

   NEUMANS SYSTEM MODEL:

It is a nursing theory which is based on relationship of individuals to stress, reaction to it,and reconstruction factors that are dynamic in nature.This theory was developed by community health nurse, professor namely"Betty Neuman".The model consists of energy resources sorrounded by normal and flexible line of defense(represent the internal factors and help the patient fight against stressor)

It focuses on response of client to actual or potential environmental stressor and the use of primary, secondary and tertiary nursing prevention and maintenance of client system wellness.