In: Nursing
Create a Pathophysiology (concept map) based on the case Scenario
A 56-year-old man with a history of smoking rush to ER with shortness of breath and cough for several days. His symptoms began 3 days ago with runny nose. He reports a chronic morning cough productive of white sputum, which has increased over the past 2 days
Past Medical History
He has had similar episodes each time of raining season for the
past 4 years. He always experiences fatigue, worsening cough,
increased breathlessness and waking up in the morning with
headache.
Family History
(+) Tuberculosis
(+) Hypertension
(-) Cancer
Personal and Social History
He has smoked 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes per day for 40 years and
continues tosmoke. He denies hemoptysis, chills, or weight loss and
has not received any relief from over-the-counter cough
preparations.
Chest x-ray shows hyperinflation and right lobe pneumonia.
ABGresults wasPh7.24,PO2-35 mmHg, PCO2 60mmHg, HCO3 30, O2 sat -
85%. Spirometry with FEVI 35%predictedthat does not change
significantly after inhaled bronchodilators. ECG was ordered.
Physical Examination:
Took vital signs which are: BP: 130/80, T: 37.5 Celsius, PR:89,
RR:30. Examinationdisplayedtachypnea, respiratory distress, use of
accessory muscles, and intercostal retraction. Barrel chest is a
common observation.
Since he is a smoker from a long time it lead to Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) ,So the aboce concept map is for COPD disorder