Question

Answer the following questions on cardiovascular disease (CVD): Discuss the pathophysiology of CVD. Compare and contrast the signs and symptoms of CVD in males and females. Discuss two risk factors that contribute to the development of CVD. How do these risk factors increase the incidence of CVD? Discuss one major complication of CVD. Provide a nutritional and lifestyle teaching plan for your patient to reduce the risk of CVD. Use evidence from one scholarly source other than your textbook or ATI book to support your answer. Use APA Style to cite your source.

Answer 1

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-- it is a disease condition that involve the heart or blood vessels.

CVD includes coronary artery diseases- angina and myocardial infarction

Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart disease.

pathophysiology-

Due to atherosclerosis condition or narowing of the blood vessels leads to

Decrease the blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscles leads to

blood requriement of the heart muscles increases but caridiac out put decreases

regular narrow of the blood vessels damage the heart muscles

ischemia condition occurs in the patients

patient having chest discomfort becasuse of lack oyxgen supply

patients having chest pain

leads to heart attack/ angina/ heart failure/ heart block.

Signs and sysptoms of CVD --

in males-

• crushing chest pain.
• squeezing, discomfort, or fullness in the chest.
• pain in the arm, jaw, or back.
• shortness of breath.
• cold sweat.

in females-

• chest pain or discomfort.
• pain in your neck, jaw, or throat
• pain in your upper abdomen
• upper back pain

risk factors-

• diabetes
• hypertension

how it develop the CVA.

diabetes- contiue high blood glucose levels that are associated with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes can damage the arteries. just because of it patients wieght level increases.

hypertension- one of the most risk factor for developing the CVA. it increase in blood pressure that damages the walls of the arteries and may develop the clot formation in the blood vessles and increases the pressure by narrwoing of the blood vessles.

complication-

most imporrtant complication include--

• pneumonia
• urinary tract infection
• gastrointestinal bleeding
• myocardial infarction
• deep vein thrombosis
• pulmonary embolism

nutritional and lifestyle teaching plan.

controlling cholesterol abnormalities-

dietary measures- soluble fibers, cereal grains, vegetables and leguments.

physical activity- elevated triglyceride level focuses on weight reduction and increased physical activity.

reguale moderate physical activity increases.

PROMOTING CESSATION OF TABACCO USE-

the inhalation of smoke increases tye blood carbon monoxide level. hemoglobin, the oyxgen carrying component of blood, combines more readily with carbob monoxide than with oyxgen.

managing hypertension-

controlling diabetes mellitus.

APA Style -- BRUNNER AND SUDDARTH'S TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING , VOLUME-1 AND 2, TWELFTH EDITION.