Question

1.) Describe Piaget's Theory of cognitive development (4 stages) and describe each of the stages (In a paragraph please)

2.) According to Marcia, what are the stages of identify development? Explain (In a paragraph please)

Answer 1

Piaget's Theory of cognitive development dedcribes the continuous development of a child's cognitive abilities through 4 stages. These stages are universal , follow a sequence in which no stage is skipped. The development takes place through 2 processes, Accommodation, which is the process of modification of existing knowledge and Assimilation, which is the process of how we gradually fit new knowledge into our existing schemas.

The Stages are Sensorimotor. This stages is the development that occur from birth till age 2. Children learn from physical interactions with their immediate environment indicated by sucking , head turning and grasping. They develop object permanence in the later part of this stage, that object continues to exist even if we cannot see it. Children are called little scientists as they learn through trial and error.

Preoperational Stage occurs from 2 - 7 years.It involves egocentric thinking where understanding others' perspective is difficult but indulge in pretend play .They use sumbols- words and images to understand things.Principle of conservation starts to develop.

Concrete Operational ococcurs from ages 7- 12 years.The child is able to understand concrete concepts and use logical reasoning.Principles of conservation , cause and effect and reversability are now understood.

Formal Operational occurs from age 12 years onwards. Child develops hypohetical or abstract thinking and use deductive reasoning.