Question

Health Promotion for Multicultural Populations

Consider this scenario: (The scenario could have considered any population located within any community, work site, school, or health care program setting.)

Mortality and morbidity from health-related causes have been increasing for the past several years among several population groups living in a large multicultural metropolitan community. The local health jurisdiction, private providers, voluntary agencies, and community members are very concerned and want to reduce the number of deaths and illnesses drastically. Local government officials recognize that increased screening, referral, and treatment programs are critically needed for identifying problems. Limited monies are available for providing health promotion and education programs to selected multicultural target groups. Select a specific target group in a specific geographical area in your county as a frame of reference to work from. Consider the following questions relevant in a 4 to 5 page Microsoft Word document:

• How would you involve those affected by the problem?
• How would you identify opportunities for Community-based Participatory Research (CBPR) in health promotion program planning?
• How would you assess community capacity as relevant to the program planning effort?
• Describe the dynamic relationship between program planning, evaluation, and implementation.
• How would you assess the needs of the community or target populations?
• How would you diagnose and prioritize health-related concerns (problems and needs) in the community?
• How would you assess the specific health promotion and education needs of the target group (i.e., targeted assessment)?
• How would you use and apply your knowledge about the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors to assist with your planning team identify the target group and select possible program intervention activities?
• What levels of change would be sought in your program?
• What specific health promotion and education program goals and objectives would be included in your hierarchy?
• What factors would you consider relevant to identifying health promotion program intervention activities that would consider the special needs of the target group, the health problem, and setting?
• What levels of evaluation (i.e., impact, outcome, process, and formative) would you use for assessing your previously stated program objectives?

Answer 1

• There are many ways to reduce the mortality rate and morbidity rate of the people.  
• Application of epidemiological reasoning methods and knowledge to study the causes and source of communicable diseases. Which can be used to study the mortality and morbidity rate in well defined population.

Epidemiological studies:

a ) Cohort studies

  peoples are entered based on their exposure status.A group of people exposed to a disease is compared with a non - exposed group similar in all other important aspects.Two groups are observed and recorded.

b ) Case - Control

It is still mirror image of cohort study.Assembling a group of people having a desired disease with a similar group.

Epidemiological studies provide evidence that can answer clinical questions.Observational methods provide valuable information about the causes of mortality and morbidity rate of people .

Community based - participatory research (CBPR) :

• CBPR useful in evaluating a community intervention or initiative or addressing a community issues.A programme is conducted for identify the common cause of increased death in people's.
• First , by involving the people directly affected by the issue or intervention, it's brings to bear the best information available about what's actually happening.
• If people are involved in the planning and implementation of solution to community issues , they will feel they own the process and to make it successful.

Quantitative Research :

• It depends on the number of people served by an intervention , for instance, the number that completed the program , the number that achieved some predetermined outcome, scores on academic and psychological or physical test, etc.

​​​​Prevention of high morbidity and mortality :

The following steps are taken to prevent mortality and morbidity rate.

• provide adequate food and water
• Education on hygiene and hand washing
• Immunisation of vulnerable population
• Regular assessment of nutritional status of vulnerable population and of food security.
• Primary prevention : it includes those preventive measures that come before the onset of illness or injury and before the disease begins.Example include immunization and taking regular exercises to prevent health problems developing in the future.

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