Question

72.Diversity and functions of proteins of extracellular matrix.

-biochemistry

(please more explanatıon Im medicine student) thank you...

Answer 1

Answer and Explanation-

Extracellular matrix of Animals-   "The gap-filling proteins between the cells and also helps the cell to bind cells and tissues together"

Extracellular Matrix can be divided into the following categories-

(a) Structural proteins-

The structural proteins help to provide structural strength

Collagen - Present in vertebrates and provides structural support in resident cells.

Elastins - This protein provides elasticity in the organs like lungs, skin, blood vessels etc.

(b) Proteoglycans- these are needed for the hydration for ECM and resident cells. Since they have a negative charge, so they attract sodium ions (Na+), and this attraction ultimately help in water osmosis.

The following types of prteoglycans are -

Heparan sulfate- Help in a wide variety of biological activities, Developmental processes, Angiogenesis, Blood coagulation and tumour metastasis.

Chondroitin sulfate- They help in Neuroplasticity

Keratan sulfate- They are present in the important parts of vertebrates cornea, cartilage, bones, and the horns of animals.

(c) Non-proteoglycan polysaccharide

Hyaluronic acid - Helps as an environmental cue that regulates cell behaviour during embryonic development, tumor development, thealing processes, inflammation.

(d) Cell Adhesion proteins- Help to link the components of the matrix both to one other and to the surface of matrix.

Laminins- Helping Cell in cell-matrix attachment, promoting cell growth and migration, nerve regeneration and wound repair.

Fibronectin- Fibronectins help the site of tissue injury by binding to platelets during blood clotting and facilitating cell movement to the affected area.

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