Question

ESSENTIALS & PRACTICE IN GLOBAL HEALTH NURSING

Identify the determinants of health.

Recognize basic epidemiologic concepts and definitions and key health status indicators.

Describe influences of the global demographic (in terms of social determinants and trends of globalization) in relation to patterns of disease and quality of life. Describe the leading causes of death in low-, middle-, and high-income countries (LMICs) based on the Global Burden of Disease 2010.

Interpret the leading risk factors for the key causes of death in LMICs.

Answer 1

According to WHO " Health is a state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely in the absence of Health is disease or infirmity". Health is influenced by many factors known as the determinants of health, which includes

1 Genetics: Inheritance plays a key role in determining health. Genetic alterations can result in many illnesses.

2 Behaviour: Behaviour of individual determine the health Eg: exercise, healthy diet yields good health.

3 Environmental and physical influences: safe water, housing, good sanitation, good working environment have a greater role in sound health. The people who live in a good environment have good health than the people from the unhygienic environment.

4 Medical care: Availability and accessibility of medical services are highly dependent on health. Lack of health care facility results in poor health.

5 Social factors: includes high income, political influence, social status etc are linked with better health state. The quality of health will be different when the gap between the rich and the poor is large. Support from family and higher education results in better health.

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and diseases in a defined population.

Health indicators

1 Crude death rate: is thetotal number of death during a given time interval divided by the mid interval population per 1000 or 100000.

2 Life expectancy: Is the statistical measure of the average time an organism expected to livebased on the gender, age and year of birth

3 Infant mortality rate: is the number of deaths of children under the age of oneper 1000 live births

4 Maternal mortality rate: is the number of maternal deaths within 42 days of pregnancy termination due to any complications of pregnancy, labour or pueperium in specified geographic area divided by totalresident live births for same geographic areafor specific period oftimemultiplied bby 100000.

5 Proportional mortality rate: proportion of death in a specified population over a period of time attributable to different causes.

Social determinants in relation to the pattern of disease and quality of life

Social detrminants includes socioeconomic status, education , neighbourhood, physical surrounding, employment , support system and access to health care.People who has good financial background obliviously seek better treatment than poor people. In the same way good working environment has a greater role I occurrence of disease like pressuried work results in depression, stress, hypertension and so on. A child grow with good educational background definitely follows the healthy life style and thereby reduction in number of diseases.