Question

ESSENTIALS & PRACTICE IN GLOBAL HEALTH NURSING

Describe the global burden of non-communicable (NCDs) diseases.

Discuss the most important risk factors for the burden of NCDs.

Summarize the costs and consequences of NCDs Identify cost-effective strategies to address the global burden of NCDs.

Answer 1

GLOBAL BURDEN OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE:

Non communulicable diseases are the prominent community health challenges worldwide in this era leading to economic loss, illness, declined life quality and poor social background both in developing and non developing counteries.According to world health organisation around 38 million death is owing to NCDs.Globally, more than 9 million deaths occurred due to NCDs in people 60 years .Untimely losses from NCDs range from 22% amongst men and 35% amongst women in nin developing countries to 8% amongst men and 10% amongst women in developed countries . According to current research, more than 80% of heart diseases, stroke, hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and over a third of cancers can be prevented by eradicating the risk factors like smoking ,alchol,unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity.As evidenced by WHO in next ten years the death will increased by 17%.Most NCDs account for most avoidable morbity and preventable mortality and these being high blood pressure ,cadiovascular diseases,coronary heart disease ,diabetes and obesity.In high income counteries the mortality rate will decrease ,whereas in low income counteries it continurs to raise.The 70% mortality rate is due to coronary disease in low resourced counteries wheras in high resoursed areas it about 20% owing to the same problem.

MOST IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS:

Primary risk factors of NCDs are mainly four.They are tobacco use ,unhealthy diet and alcohol use and physical inactivity.Almost 70% of death is because of lung diseases, heart disease, diabetes and cancer.Moreover the risk of NCDs are causing deterimental effects on families ,individuals, community and health systems.

COST EFFECTIVE STRATERGIES

The probability of dying during the most productive years (ages 30–70) among four main NCDs like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and stroke is 26%. If immediate action is not taken, NCDs are estimated to harm economic growth and loss of $47 trillion during the period 2010–2030.

The cost effective stratergies adopted by WHO to different risk factors are listed as follows.

Use of tobacco and alcohol- increase excise tax and pricing on tobacco and beverages products,eliminating second hand smoking,organising awarness camps reagrding consequences of both,tobacco cessation to all those who want to quit and rehabilitation support for alcohol.

Unhealthy diet- reduce salt intake, sugar diets and trans,saturated and unsaturated food ietms, nutritional education and counseeling in community setup,mass media campagins on healthy food diet.

unhealthy physical activity

Ensure community world wide and education campagins on physical activity,school programme should implement physical health activitie, provide open space for public for cycling or waling etc

For diseases like CVD ,CANCER AND DIABETES following drug therapies are implemented,surgeries,reducing the further complication,rehabilition stratergies and lifestyle modifications are included