Question

What is hemolytic transfusion reaction? How do you ensure one does not occur?

Answer 1

HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION:-
-It is a serious complication that can occur after a blood transfusion.
-it occurs when the red blood cells (RBCs)that were given during the transfusion are destroyed by the person's immune system.

CAUSES:-
(i) Blood is classified into four different groups:- A, B, AB, and O.
(ii) blood is classified in other different way based on Rh factor:-
- Individual having Rh factors in their blood are called "Rh positive."
- Individual without Rh factors are called "Rh negative."
- Rh negative people form antibodies against Rh factor if they receive Rh positive blood.
(iii) Body's immune system can recognise its own blood cells from those of another person.
- If an individual receive blood that is not compatible with his blood, then his body produces antibodies to destroy the donor's blood cells.
- This process causes the transfusion reaction.

SYMPTOMS:-
-Bloody urine
-back and flank pain
-fever and chills
-fainting or dizziness
- flushing of the skin
- shortness of breath.

COMPLICATIONS:-
-Acute kidney failure
-shock
-anaemia
-pulmonary edema

PREVENTION:-
- ABO blood group and Rh factor of both donor and recipient are matched to prevent cross matching.
- A small amount of donor blood is mixed with a small amount of recipient blood, then check the mixture under a microscope for signs of antibody reaction.
- Double Check before transfusion to make sure that the recipient is receiving the right blood.