Question

Describe the role of genetics in the development of physiatrist disorders and the correlation of alteration in brain functioning to various psychiatric disorders.

APA formatted summary is required and Include a list of all references used to support your answer.

Answer 1

*Role of genetics in the development of psychiatric disorders

-Most psychiatric disorders are highly heritable like bipolar disorders,schizophrenia and autism etc.
-Genes and their protien products are not the only factors involved in establishing and consolidating the synaptic structure of the brain,the activity of synapses themselves,partly resulting from experience,also play a vital role.
-genes are critical to the development of overall circuit maps and function of the brain.
-variation in the DNA sequences of genes may lead to the expression of an altered protien with loss of function or with a new function that might be adaptive,neutral or toxic to cells.
-sequence variants that affect behaviour,including the risk of mental illness,must affect neurons in such a way as to change the architecture,function or adaptability of neural circuits in the brain.

*Correlation of alteration in the brain functioning to various psychiatric disorders
-Most scientists believe that psychiatric disorders result from problem with the communication between neurons in the brain.
eg-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor work by reducing the amount of serotonin that is taken back into the presynaptic neuron.this leads to increased amount of serotonin in synaptic space for binding to the receptor on the post synaptic neuron.changes in other neurotransmitter may occur in depression.
-Many psychiatric disorders are associated with abnormal resting state functional connectivity between pairs of brain regions.
-A transdiagnostic feature is of abnormal functional connectivity between brain regions produced via their contralateral counterparts which develops psychiatric disorders.

Reference-
1.Bulletin of world Health Organization,2000 78 (4),page no -456  

2.NIH Curriculum Suppliment series 2007,information about brain.