Question

Select any two nurse theorists of your choice with different views about theory. Assess the following in your presentation: 1) Describe an overview of each theorist’s theory. 2) Compare and contrast the areas of similarity, and of greatest difference between the theorists. 3) Compare the impact that each theorist/theory has had on nursing. 4) Describe how these theories are currently be used in practice and whether on theory is utilized more and why, 5) Identify two questions that you would ask each of the theorists, if you were able to meet them. 6) If someone was injured or sick that you know which of the two theories would you choose for their care and why.

Answer 1

Question No.1

Dorothea E.Orem's Theory

Overview

Dorothea E.Orem's theory consists of three parts

First Theory - Theory of self-care

In this theory Orem argues that every human being has the ability and responsibility to adjust, promote and maintain a personal health, and well-being all through life.

The second theory- Theory of self deficit

In this theory Orem illustrates that every human being has a need for survival, and are capable of attaining it for health, and life, self-care deficit develops when individuals are not capable of attaining needs for survival.

The third theory- Theory of nursing process

Orem argues that an action plan that connects self-care theory and self-care deficit need develop. Theory of nursing process ensures that needs of the two theories fulfilled. The theory divides into fundamental nursing science and nursing practice.

Jean Watson Theory of transpersonal Caring

Overview

Watson’s Philosophy and Science of Caring is concerned on how nurses express care to their patients. Her theory stresses humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice.

Question No.2

Similarities and Difference

Similarities between Watson and Orem Theory

They both focus on the care of the patient, Watson theory of human caring, proposes human caring as the moral ideal of nursing, nurses participate in caring for the patient; to protect, enhance, and preserve humanity. The nurses assist patients in finding a balance and harmony in the ailment, pain, and help the patients to gain self-knowledge, self-control, and self-healing.

Orem’s theory focuses on the supportive educative system; the patients require assistance and the care of the nurses. Orem categorizes care as supportive educative system when nurses assist the patients to make decisions and take actions to achieve self-care requirements.

Difference between Watson and Orem Theory

Watson’s theory of caring is complex, many of the ideas involved, propose theoretical questions about the definitions of caring, morality, growing, healing, spirituality, and what is considered human. Watson’s theory offers a framework that embraces art, spirituality, science, and humanities, which are biased and abstract perceptions. While, Orem’s theory is organized and well structured into three categories; self-care, self-care deficit, and the process of nursing, this theory is simple and practical.

Question No.3

Impact of both theories on Nursing.

Answer:

Impact of Watson's Theory

Watson defines nursing as a human science of persons and human health—illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions. In addition, she also views nursing as both a science and an art. According to Watson being an artist is part of our role and certainly part of caring for patients and their families. She exemplifies the artistic domain of nursing as emerging transpersonal caring-healing modalities. Such transpersonal caring-healing modalities correspond to providing comfort measures, helping the cared-for to alleviate pain, stress, and suffering, as well as to promote well-being and healing.

Impact of Dorothea E. Orem's Theory

Orem’s theory of self-care deficits explains how nurses can and should intervene to help patients maintain autonomy. She became widely acclaimed within her field, and she served as a consultant for numerous universities and government organizations throughout her career. The Orem International Society was founded in 1991 to continue the legacy of Orem’s research and advocacy. Experimentation with this theory continues today, with many studies published each year that assess its effectiveness in patient treatment.

Question No.4

How these theories are currently be used in practice and whether on theory is utilized more and why

Answer:

These theories are applied and implemented in Holistic Nursing; holistic healing addresses the connection between the mind of, the spirit, the body, emotions, and the environment. All of these features unite to comprise a person, a holistic nurse put together these features with medicine to heal the person. Nurses use their experiences as the foundation for their care, incorporating the patient’s experiences, understanding, and knowledge with the social, cultural, and spiritual values to treat the whole person, and not only the sickness. One study published in the Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal demonstrated a statistically significant difference in fatigue levels among multiple sclerosis patients when nurses used Orem’s self-care model. Moreover, hundreds of other studies have examined Orem’s model applied to all different kinds of patients and syndromes.