Introduction:

Everywhere you look there is an athlete, movie star or someone who thinks they are an expert trying to sell a supplement. It might be as simple as whey protein or more complicated with a long list of unknown ingredients. The worst are the products that say the formulation is “proprietary”. Unfortunately, there is no oversight into the products or labels.

Directions:

Using your favorite search engine, identify a supplement advertised to enhance athletic performance. Provide a review of the product, ingredients and whether the scientific evidence to support/refute the claims on the label. You must support your personal opinion with a scientific study or reference to support your position. Comment on whether the supplement is allowed by NAIA, NCAA, Olympic Committee

Please provide the correct term described in each question below.

1. The probability that a test correctly classifies as negative those individuals who do not have preclinical disease.

2. Individuals who test negative for a disease even though they actually have the disease.

3. A measure of the new cases of disease in a prospective cohort study.

4. The type of study design that examines the associations between diseases and other variables of interest in a defined population at one particular time.

5. This is present when the association between exposure and disease is different within categories or levels of a third variable.

6. The prevalence of disease at a certain point in time.

7. Hill criterion where consistent results are found in different populations, in different time periods, with different study designs.

8. Lack of random error in estimating a population parameter.

9. The appropriate measure for determining whether a screening test correctly classifies people with disease as having disease.

The study design where increasing sample size decreases the possibility of confounding

Compare and contrast Leininger and Purnell theories. How do they differ based on their intent, scope, and goals? Which one might be more relevant to your future role, and why

QUESTION 1

Define the term coenzyme. 2 pts.

Name and describe the role of the B vitamins that function as part of the structure of coenzymes. 4 pts.

QUESTION 2

Why does following a vegan diet result in risk for B-12 deficiency? 2 pts.

What is Vitamin B-12 deficiency, list 3 ways to supplement for this deficiency and list when each method is appropriate. 3 pts.

QUESTION 3

How do the vitamins function in the metabolic process? (list the vitamins) 5 pts.

QUESTION 4

Define the term ‘function foods’ 2 pts. List 2 sources and the benefit 2 pts.

QUESTION 5

Calcium and Iron are most likely to fall short in the diet. What is the result of this inadequate intake? 2 pts.

What dietary changes can promote improved intake and reduce risk of deficiency? 4 pts.

c. The faculty member asks the student nurse to identify the three common adverse reactions associated with the use of anti-infectives. This patient is complaining of what common adverse reaction?

Explain why/how R sided heart failure will eventually result in L sided HF?

A 3 year old boy is brought to the pediatrician with a 102' F fever, cough, a runny nose, and red, watery eyes that have lasted three days. His mother is concerned because the fever is not getting better and her son is in obvious discomfort. The doctor suspects that it is a viral cold and instructs the mother to give an over the counter decongestant, an antihistamine, and ibuprofen for fever.

Two days later the same boy is brought to the Emergency Room. His symptoms have continued and now his face has blotchy, red spots on it. The responding doctor suspects Fifth Disease.

1. What is the etiological agent of Fifth's disease?
2. What symptoms do you think led to that diagnosis?
3. What is the incubation period for the disease?
4. How is it transmitted?
5. What is the treatment?
6. Are there any known complications?
7. What demographic is most likely infected?

Differentiate delirium from dementia and give an example of each. How would a depression diagnosis cloud the differential?

This is a Discussion Board Question for Laboratory Procedures 2.
Why is very important to advise people infected with mononucleosis to stay away from contact sports like football, or any contact sports?

1.) Compare aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation. How are the processes similar? How are they different? How do these processes determine which environment the organism can live in?

[Key terms to use in answer: electron transport chain, cytochrome, ATP, glucose, glycolysis, obligate aerobe, facultative anaerobe, microaerophile, obligate anaerobe, oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, CO ₂ , organic acids and alcohols, alternative substrates (other than glucose)]

2.) Using your knowledge of DNA recombination events to complete the following:

(Use the following terminology in your answer: recombination, DNA, horizontal gene transfer, conjugation, transformation, transduction, pilus, F factor, transposable elements, transposons, pathogenicity islands)

1. Propose two ways in which antibiotic resistance may develop in a bacterium
2. Describe how bacterial cells acquire the ability to produce toxins

**References are appreciated.

(general microbiology class in nursing school)

Describe each type of infection in the following list and include the mode of transmission in each scenario. Use terms such as primary, secondary, healthcare-associated, STI, mixed, latent, toxemia, chronic, zoonotic, asymptomatic, local, and systemic to describe the types of infections (more than one term may apply, some may not apply to these conditions)

1) The development of Pneumocystisis pneumonia in an AIDS patient

2) Salmonellosis

3) Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome infection acquired while vacationing in a log cabin

***References are greatly appreciated.

Mrs. Jones is a 67-year-old female with a history of osteoporosis, takes a supplement of calcium, magnesium and vitamin D, every other day. She also has a history of HTN and has been placed on the diuretic Lasix about 8 months ago. She now complains of weakness, fatigue and she feels like her heart is “skipping”. Her diet history reveals that she has had decreased intake and eats mostly ready-to-eat foods such as pre-made sandwiches or frozen dinners and does not eat any fresh fruits or vegetables.

What mineral deficiency do you suspect? (5 points) What factors led you to that conclusion? (5 points)

What recommendations would you make to treat the deficiency? (5 points)

Jen is on the college cross-country team. She is a vegan and tries to eat plenty of grains and fruits to get the carbohydrates needed for her high level of physical activity. She eats 3 meals a day and a snack in the evenings. A typical day for Jen would include eating whole grain toast and coffee for breakfast; a peanut butter sandwich, apple, bag of pretzels, and iced tea for lunch; spaghetti with marinara sauce, garlic bread, salad for dinner; and a banana for an evening snack. This semester, she feels very fatigued and takes a sweatshirt to class to keep warm. Upon physical exam, she appears pale and has spoon shaped nails.

What mineral deficiency or toxicity do you suspect? (4 points) What factors led you to that conclusion? (5 points)

What laboratory tests would you recommend to help to confirm your diagnosis? (5 points)

What realistic recommendations would you make to Jen to treat the problem?

Explain the pathophysiology abnormalities found in stroke. What does the term "brain attack " mean, and why is it used? What is the best way to prevent strokes? What is the best way to ensure early identification and definitive treatments for strokes?