In: Nursing
c. The faculty member asks the student nurse to identify the three common adverse reactions associated with the use of anti-infectives. This patient is complaining of what common adverse reaction?
C. The common adverse reactions associated with the use of anti - infectives :
1.Bone marrow suppression: With bone marrow suppression we can see neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. With thrombocytopenia: we need to monitor the client for any signs of bleeding (petechiae, ecchymosis, bleeding gums, nose, bleeds). We should examine all body fluids and excrement for the presence of blood (visible and occult), avoid injections and venipunctures when possible, avoid rectal temperatures, rectal suppositories and enemas. instruct on use of soft toothbrush and electric razor, avoidance of aspirin containing products. With nutropenia, monitor for signs of infection (fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding) ,frequently and thoroughly,strict aseptic technique with all procedures.
2.Anaphylaxis: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction. Manifestations include
respiratory distress, edema of face, lips tongue, airways, wheezing and stridor, flushing of the skin, pruritis, uticaria, anxiety, changes in level of consciousness and alterations in vital sisgns.
Treatment of anaphylaxis begins with stopping the medication. We also need to maintain a patent airway, give epinephrine (to oppose the effects of histamine, to promote peripheral vasoconstriction and bronchodilation) and diphenhydramine (to block the release of histamine), and carefully monitor for and treat any alterations in cardiovascular function.
3. Nephrotoxicity: Nephrotoxicity is decreased or damaged renal functioning related to the antibiotic therapy. This is most commonly a concern related to the use of aminoglycosides. It’s important to monitor renal function during the administration of aminoglycosides. This includes monitoring input and output as well as serum BUN and creatinine levels.
4.Ototoxicity: This is also most commonly seen in relationship to aminoglycoside administration. Indications of ototoxicity include complaints of tinnitus, decreased hearing, and impaired balance.
Anaphylaxis, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity are the 3 common adverse reactions of using anti infectives.