Question

Alzheimer’s disease Explain the pathophysiology of the disease Discuss common clinical manifestations List differential diagnoses Determine which lab tests would confirm the diagnosis and expected results Analyze a current protocol for treatment and discuss how the treatment works from the pathophysiological perspective

Answer 1

1) Alzheimers disease : it is a neurological brain disease and it is progressive and irreversible,a) pathophysiology : it is neuritic plaques and neurfibrillary tangles located in the cortical areas and medial temporal lobe structure of brain and other mechanisms are inflammatory processes, oxidative stress and mitochondial dysfunction, the amyloid cascasde : altered app processing and overproduction of beta ap production and results in plaque formations and leads to neurodegeneration and leads to neuronal loss and leads to dementia. b)clinical manifestation are: memory loss , aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, disorientations, and impaired execution functions and depression , behavioural disturbances and inability to care for self,c) lab tests: neuropsychological testing, brain imaging scan,rule out vitamin b12 and folate deficiency and hypothyrodim with thyroid functioningtest, and blood cell count and kidney function and liver function test,d)treatment: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors( rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil ) and N-methyl d aspartate receptors antagonist ( memaintine) these are used to treat symptoms antidepressants, antoanxiety and antipsychotics it is used to treat symptoms like depression, anxiety, agitation and hallucinations and delusions.