Question

Obesity Explain the pathophysiology of the disease. Discuss common clinical manifestations. List differential diagnoses. Determine which lab tests would confirm the diagnosis and expected results. Analyze a current protocol for treatment and discuss how the treatment works from the pathophysiological perspective.

Answer 1

Obesity it is an exaggeration of normal adiposity1).the pathophysoiolgy of the obesity is a) complex interaction like genetic , environment, and environmental factors, b) specific genes such as fat mass and obesity related and melanocortin 4 receptors(MC4R) and thrifty genes and many other factors relatated to lifestyle2),clinical manifestation;for obesity are breathing disorders, certain typw of cancers, coronary artery disease, depression, diabetes, gallbladder and liverdisease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, high cholestrol, joint disease etc.3)differential diagnosis of obesity:they are hypothyroidism , hypercortisolism and deficiencies of growth harmone or gondal steriods and medication. 4)lab tests: full lipid panel, hepatic panel, thyroid function tests,24hrs urinary free coritsol test and fasting glucose and insulin test.and the procedure to estimate the degree of vidceral and subcutaneous fat and other procedures like standard anthropometric measurment and caliper derived estimates of skin thickness. generally hypertrophic obesity there is enlargment of fat cells. 5)management of obesity: a) prevention b) diet: reduction of overaall calories consumption c) increased physical activity: more excercise and more work than the noraml stagnant lifestyle,d) behaviour modification : like self montioring of weight, stress amangement and social support e) medicines: brugs alone cause modest weight loss and diwt with drugs improves the weight loss and the drugs are appetite suppresants and gastrointestinal fat blockers etc,f) surgical procedures, g) genetic therapy.