Question

• Explain the pathophysiology of the disease and discuss common clinical manifestations for chronic renal failure

Answer 1

Chronic renal failure has the following etiological factors------

1)Diabetic glomerulosclerosis

2)hypertensive nephrosclerosis

3)glomerulonephritis

4) polycystic kidney disease

5) family history

6) improper dietary intake

And there can be many.

While going through all the factors which contribute to renal failure body compensate by an increase in glomerular permeability and activate the RAAS system.

Renal failure has four stages which are divided based on decreased glomerular filtration rate. There are five stages. The end-stage is called end-stage renal failure.

From the above etiological factors, anyone can be the cause of renal failure as we know in this condition the nephrons which are the working cells of the Kidneys have either started dying or working slowly because of infection, inflammation, or high blood pressure.

Clinical manifestations occur due to poor excretion of products that should be filtered and thrown out of the body, for example, protein products, sodium, Potassium, creation, nitrogen, and uric acid. All these if not excreted can result in the following manifestations-----

1) proteinuria

2)metabolic acidosis

3)hypertension

4)acute cardiovascular events

5)heart failure

6)neuromuscular abnormalities