DNA is replicated by the semi-conservative model. Describe this process in eukaryotes (linear chromosomes). Include what...

DNA is replicated by the semi-conservative model. Describe this process in eukaryotes (linear chromosomes). Include what enzymes are involved and what is their role in the process? What happens at the ends of linear chromosomes?

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Answer=

Semiconservative replication of DNA in eukaryotes-

DNA replication in eukaryotes occur only in S-phase of cell cycle.Eukaryotic DNA has many origins of replications

Steps=

1.Initiation - The first step is formation of pre-initiation complex.It occurs in 2 stages.

-The replication begins with the binding of ORC to the origin.ORC is a hexamer of related protein and remains bounded even after DNA replication occurs.

-After binding of ORC to origin MEM complex i.e.mini chromosome maintainance is major helicase.

-Enzyme is MCM -acts as helicase.

2.Elongation -DNA polymerase delta synthesizes and adds dNTPs at 3'end of RNA primer.

THE leading and lagging strands are synthesized in the similar fashion as in prokaryotic DNA replication.

enzyme -

Replication protein A - acts as single stranded binding protein keeps the separated strands separate.

DNA polymerase alpha- acts as primase.initiates the process of replication.

DNA polymerase delta- acts as replicase,main enzyme synthesizing new DNA strands.

Topoisomerase I & II -

3.Termination -AT the end of DNA replication the RNA primer are replaced by DNA by 5'-3' exonuclease and polymerase activity of DNA polymerase .

The ends of linear chromosome is called as telomere.

Telomerase is a DNA polymerase i.e. RNA dependent DNA polymerase which adds many copies of telomere sequence at 3'-OH end of template strand.

like other polymerases,telomerase also adds deoxyribonucleotide at 3'-OH end.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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