Q. a) Enlist excavating equipment. Draw a neat sketch and explain working of any two excavating equipment.
   b) Write short note on
i) Crawler Tractor.
ii) Wheel Tractor.

Could you please do a unit analysis on Riedel and Antoine equation to determine the units of the empirical coefficients. Pressures in kPa and temperatures in Kelvin.

Riedel equation : lnP(T) = Ar + Br/T + Cr.ln(T) + Dr.T6

Antoine equation: lnP(T) = Aa - Ba/(Ca+T)

I know this is multiple questions, I am going to post it six times each time asking for a different question, but I also know these questions build off each other so I couldn't just post the prompt and one question without the others.

Please answer question 4 (or it all :D)

An existing industrial wastewater treatment plant fails to treat a new chemical, pentachlorophenol, leaving the facility in its waste stream. A concentration of 100 μg/L pentachlorophenol now passes through the wastewater treatment plant and is released into the Willimantic River (a class B water) that is stocked with trout. UConn draws drinking water from a well field adjacent to the Willimantic River. The wastewater treatment plant releases an average flow of 0.2 MGD into the river. The average flow of the Willimantic River just upstream
of the treatment plant is 100 cfs (ft3/s). Based on the chemical nature of pentachlorophenol, it adsorbs to the sediment as it travels downstream, resulting in a loss rate of about 0.01/day.
Answer the following questions:
1. Draw the system, a control volume, and label all knowns and unknowns, inputs, outputs, sources or transformations.
2. Identify the regulations that apply to the contaminant in this scenario and state the specific regulation and the maximum concentration that should not be exceeded to protect aquatic life and human health.
3. What are the risks posed by the contamination in this system? Identify all concerns you may have given the contaminant and the exposure in the environment. Justify this based on research on how the contaminant behaves in the environment and how people use the river.
4. Calculate the maximum concentration of pentachlorophenol in the stream right where it enters the Willimantic River. Draw what the concentration (y-axis) would be in the stream vs. distance and vs. time (x-axis). Estimate and justify any other parameters you may need.
5. Estimate at what distance downstream will the contaminant concentration meet the aquatic life criteria?
6. Research and explain two treatment processes that could be installed at the treatment plant to reduce the pentachlorophenol concentration. Explain the process and why it works for this particular chemical.

Calculate the necessary pump horsepower across a system, along with the pressure developed in the pump for a system containing a liquid solution with a density of 1220 kg/m3 , moving at a volumetric flow rate of 0.56 m3 /min. The liquid initially sits in a large open storage tank and is transferred to the pump via a schedule 80 stainless steel pipe with a nominal diameter of 4 in. The discharge pipe (also schedule 80 stainless steel) from the pump has an inner diameter of 2.5 in. The liquid discharges to an open tank, 21 m above the liquid level of the feed storage tank. The flow through this system can be assumed turbulent and the total friction loss is 30 J/kg. The pump has an efficient of 83%.

copper fin 1.0 mm thick is placed on a circular tube. The out side daiameter of the tube is 2.5 cm. The fin long is 8 mm and the thermal conductivity is 379 W/m °C. The tube wall is maintained at 473K. The fin is exposed to an environment with h = 30 W/m "C and T∞= 288K. %3D Calculate the heat lost by the fin.

Within 100 g of pure benzene (C6H6) with freezing and boiling temperatures of 5.5 oC and 80.1 oC respectively 24.4 g of biphenyl (C12H10) dissolves. Benzene freezing point lowering and boiling point rise constants 5.12 K kg mol-1 and 2.63 K kg mol-1 According to the solution at 80.1 oC Find the freezing and boiling temperatures of the solution as well as the vapor pressure. (Your normal gasoline steam pressure at boiling temperature of 80.1 oC p1 o = 760 mmHg.)

Air at 10°C and I atm flows over a flat plate (30 cm x100 cm) at 20 m/s. The plate is maintained at 70°C. (a) calculate the boundary layer thikness at distances of 30 cm and 100 cm, (b) calculate the heat transfer from first 30 cm and from whole the plate.

The following weather reactions are taking place at 0.7L PFR: The reaction temperature is 520oC, the pressure is 1 atmosphere pressure, and the initial reaction is composed only of acetone. The results of measuring the conversion rate when changing the mass flow rate of acetone are shown in the table below. When the response is secondary, calculate the response rate constant. The molecular weight of acetone is 58.

CH3COCH3 (acetone)  CH3=C=O + CH4

In the process of methanol production, a gas stream flowing at a molar flow rate of 100 mol / min containing 32 mol% CO, 64 mol% Hz. and 4 mol% of N2 is led to the reactor. The product from the reactor is condensed where liquid methanol is separated. Unreacted gases are recycled in a ratio of 5: 1 mol of recycle to moles of fresh feed. Parts of the recycled gases are purged. The reaction equation is CO + 2H2 - CH2OH. A- Calculate purge, recycle, and product flow rates and compositions. B - Check the reactor material balance.

The service life of a battery used in a cardiac pacemaker is assumed to be normally distributed. A sample of twelve batteries is subjected to an accelerated life test by running them continuously at an elevated temperature until failure, and the following lifetimes (in hours) are obtained: 26.7, 26.8, 25.8, 24.7, 24.6, 27.4, 25.5, 27.2, 27.5, 24.9, 26.9, and 25.5. Test the hypothesis that the mean battery life exceeds 25 hours.

A.) State the null and alternative hypothesis.

B.) Compute the test statistics.

C.) Compute the P-value.

D.) State a conclusion

E.) Construct a 95% two-sided confidence interval on mean life in the accelerated test.

The data given below are for the adsorption of nitrogen on alumina at 77.3 K. Show that they fit in a BET isotherm in the range of adsorption and find Vmono and hence surface area of alumina (m2 g-1). At 77.3 K, saturation pressure, P* = 733.59 torr. The volumes are corrected to STP and refer to 1 g of alumina. The area occupied by a nitrogen molecule at -195 °C estimated to be     16.2

x 10-20 m2.

Steam at 400°C and 40 bar flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine at a volumetric
flowrate of 5,000 m3/h. The steam leaving the turbine at 1 bar is then cooled at constant
pressure in a condenser to 25°C. The rate of transfer from the condenser is 50 MW.
Calculate the power output generated by the turbine (MW). Clearly state assumptions (if
any) and reference state.

The ammonia gas (mw = 17 kg/kgmol) at 40 oC and 3 atm was transported at flowrate of 5 kg/h by an insulated pipeline having the total thickness of 2.0×10-3 m. The pressure and temperature of the ammonia gas suddenly drop to ambient temperature and pressure of 25 oC and 1 atm. A thorough investigation showed that the ammonia gas leaked to surrounding atmosphere through a pipeline wall cracking hole having an equivalent diameter of 3 mm.

a) State all the assumptions. Determine the mass rate of ammonia gas lost to surrounding atmosphere as well as the mass contamination rate of ammonia gas in the insulated pipeline by air (mw = 28.97 kg/kgmol).

b) Determine the mole fraction air in the pipeline. If repairing the pipeline required 5 hours, how much ammonia gas was lost from the incident.  

Given: Ammonia-air diffusivity, DAB at 298.0 K is 2.8×10-5 m2 /s. The ammonia gas and air at those conditions could be assumed obeyed an ideal gas law. The universal gas constant, R is 8.205×10-2 m3 atm/kmol.K.

Q3)

Briefly write the biomass potential in Malaysia. Describe the efficient thermodynamic cycles that could be used to convert biomass energy for industrial applications.