Explain how electricity is produced using a hydrogen fuel cell.

Consider the wall of Gypsum, Insulation, Concrete and Brick. It is located in a city for which the CDD is 800°C.days. The total area of the wall is 600 m2. The interior space is occupied and maintained at constant temperature 24 hours a day for a year. use the information below to answer these questions.

T_inside= 21°C

T_outside= 18°C

Gypsum: x=0.01 m, C=20 W/m2∙°C

Brick: x=0.12 m, k= 1 W/°C

Insulation: x=0.025 m, k= 0.04 W/°C

Block: x=0.20 m, C=5 W/m2∙°C

How much energy is required to cool the building over a year in GJ?

What is the cost to provide this energy if the cooling system is electrically and electricity costs $0.10/kWh with The COP for the cooling system is 2.4?

A tank that initially contains H2O at 0.05 MPa and 100 ºC, is connected to a water vapor line at 0.60 MPa and 200 ºC and is filled to a level where 90% (on a volumetric basis) is liquid. The 1 m3 tank is kept at 100 ºC during the process. Determine the quality of the gas in the second phase, the input mass in (kg) and the heat transfer, in kJ.

Using the information below, produce a set of calibration figures for the
control loop TICA1495.
TI1495 range = 100 to 420°C
TICA1495 SP = PV = 300°C
TCV1495 = 30%.

Which of the following statements are true and which are false?

The decimal reduction time D is the heating time in min at a certain temperature required for the number of viable microbes to be reduced to 10% of the original number.

The z value is the temperature increase required for a ten-fold decrease in D.

Thermal death time is the heating time required to give commercial sterility.

Thermal death time does not depend on the initial microbial load.

The D value does not depend on the initial microbial load.

The D value of a microorganism is independent of the food item.

The D value of a microbe is a measure of the thermal resistance of the microbe.

If the number of microbes in a process has to be reduced from an initial load of 10⁶ to a final 10⁴, the required thermal death time will be 10D.

A copper-nickel diffusion couple is annealed at 1025 C for 100 hours. The specimen is partially sectioned into sequential thin layers, each of 50 micrometers thick, located around the original Cu/Ni interface. The sections are analyzed using an electron microprobe with the following results:

Determine the diffusion coefficient for Cu-Ni at 1025 C using the Boltzmann-Matano method.

Assume that the distribution coefficient (Kd) for Hg(II) is 104.9 (log Kd=4.9), the concentration of suspended sediments (Csed) is 10 mg L-1, the settling velocity (vs) of the silt-size particles is 4.17 cm hr-1, the area (A) of the water body is 50 km2 and the mean depth (H) is 6 m. What is the rate constant for removal of Hg(II) by scavenging, in units of per day?

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Methyl alcohol and water are brought into contact in such a way that the two components form a layer 1.00 cm thick on top of a 3cm deep layer of water. Both components(water and methyl alcohol) are mutually diffusing into each other at 27⁰C, there is no mixing of water and methyl alcohol and they are fully miscible. Calculate the following:

(1) The rate of diffusion of methyl alcohol into water, include a rough diagram indicating all given variables.

(2) The rate of diffusion of water into methyl alcohol

The compression ratio is 10 in the air standard Otto cycle. Pressure at the beginning of the compression stroke is 1XY kPa and the temperature is 15 ºC. The heat transfer to the air for each cycle is 18XY kJ / kg air. Draw the T-s and P-v diagrams. (x=9 y=8).

Note: Accept that specific temperatures do not change with temperature. Take k = 1.4 and Cp = 1.0031 kJ / kg-K.

a)

For question 1, we draw the temperature and pressure values ​​at the end of each condition in the cycle by drawing a table.

b)

Write the thermal efficiency for Question 1.

c)

For Question 1, write down the mean effective pressure. (Unit kPa)

d)

Calculate the efficiency of the Carnot machine operating between the maximum and minimum temperatures in Question 1.