a.) Develop equations for X and S as a function of dilution rate for a continuous cell culture system. Assuming that the kinetics are governed by an uncompetetive inhibition model.
b.) Plot X, S and "yield of cell mass (g cells/l) per time" versus dilution rate and recommend a dilution rate to operate the reactor at if:
So = 20 g/l
Ks = 1 g/l
I = 0.08 g/l
Y x/s = 0.2 g cells/g substrate
Xo= 0
KI = .02 g/l
m = 0.75 h-1
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Explain how fracking has reduced the cost of natural gas will
affect the incentives for firms to invest in research into new
renewable energy technologies if renewable electricity is a
substitute for natural gas and coal electricity but is more
expensive than either coal or natural gas right now.
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Rayleigh distillation
An aqueous solution of acetic acid is to be enriched by simple (differential) distillation.
The flask is initially charged with 0.025 kmol of solution of composition 0.600 mol
fraction water.
a)
Distillation is continued until the composition of the liquid in the flask has fallen
to 0.300 mol fraction water. Assuming that the vapour is completely condensed
and collected in a cooled receiver, calculate the quantity and composition of the
distillate.
b)
Repeat the calculation for the case in which distillation is stopped when the
composition of the liquid in the still has reached 0.500 mol fraction water.
c)
Explain why separation is so poor, particularly in case (a).
Equilibrium data
x y
0.300 0.420
0.350 0.483
0.400 0.537
0.450 0.592
0.500 0.638
0.550 0.685
0.600 0.728
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1. Explain Ecorr, Icorr, Epass, Ipass and Epit (on the potentiodynamic curves).
2. Compare the Control Ti and Coated Ti. Explain. Does coating show improvement in corrosion resistance?
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4.14 (a) Calculate the diffusion coefficient for oxygen ions in a pure ZrO2 electrolyte at T = 1000∘C given ΔGact = 100 kJ∕mol, ?0 = 1013 Hz. ZrO2 has a cubic unit cell with a lattice constant a = 5 Å and contains four Zr atoms and eight O atoms. Assume that the oxygen–oxygen “jump”distance Δx = 1 2 a. (b) Calculate the intrinsic carrier concentration in the electrolyte givenΔh? = 1 eV. (Assume vacancies are the dominant carrier.) (c) From your answers in (a) and (b), calculate the intrinsic conductivity of this electrolyte at 1000∘C.
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introduction for chemical engineering thermodynamics
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Composite materials often times consist of fibers imbedded in a matrix material. What role does the fiber length, fiber orientation and fiber and matrix clastic properties play in determining the mechanical properties of the composite?
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What role does safe pressure relief device play for the safe operation of pressure vessel? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the safety valve and the bursting dise? Which occasion are they suitable for? Please give examples.
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Does O2 play the same role in composting vs. organic matter decomposition? Describe the roles
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An environmental sample is thought to contain isotope of Th, U, Pu, and Am.
a.What are the available oxidation states for these actinides and which are most prevalent?
b. How can these elements be separated from each other?
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a) If steam is such a great way to move energy around, for what food process operations do we need electricity?
b) Why do we not use electricity for ALL heating related unit operations?
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Why is water used for the initial crystallization and ethanol is more suitable to be used for the recrystallization step of acetylsalicylic acid? (Hint: solubility & temperature)
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Select the statement that is true of inductive arguments.
Hypothetical arguments are considered to be inductive arguments.
Inductive arguments never intend logical certainty, only probability.
Inductive reasoning is rarely used because most reasoning is deductive.
Inductive arguments are less reasonable than deductive arguments.
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