Briefly explain each of the following:
Storm surges and seiches
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2. The total energy consumption of Hong Kong in year 2008 was
285,430 TJ. Assume the daily rate of solar energy received in Hong
Kong is 10 kWh/m2 and that a solar PV panel has an efficiency of
10% in converting sunlight to electricity.
(a) Calculate the land area that is required for solar panels if
Hong Kong uses sunlight as its only energy source to support the
year 2008 energy consumption. (4 points)
(b) Compare against the total land area in Hong Kong, what
percentage of land will the solar panels take up? (2 points)
(c) Even during the night we still need electricity and given that
we can only rely on solar energy, what can Hong Kong do to ensure
electricity made from solar energy is available 24 hours a day
(i.e. both during the day and night)? Explain your answer. (8
points)
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Will Rate Immediately. Please just 5-6 sentences.
Clearly and thoroughly describe an instance in which an object’s energy gets transformed from one type to another. Before the transformation, what type of energy does the object have, and why? After the transformation, what type of energy does the object have, and why?
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It is a spring day in southern B.C., with temperatures of 10 oC. Westerly winds push air off the ocean towards the coastal mountains, which are 1400 m high. The dew point temperature of the air mass is 6 oC. Determine what happens as the air is forced to rise by answering the questions below. A temperature-height graph (Graph C) is provided at the end of the question in case you wish to work on the answers graphically.
3 a) At what elevation does condensation begin on the western slope of the range? [1 point]
b) What will the temperature of the air layer be as it passes over the summit of the range (i.e. at 1400 m)? You may wish to explain your steps. [1 point]
3
GEOB 102 – Introduction to Climate and Ecosystems W2, 2019-20
4
c) What will the temperature of the air layer be after it has
descended to the surface (i.e. at 0 m) over an interior plateau?
Assume that all condensed moisture fell as rain on the windward
slope (i.e. the descending air is now dry). [1 point]
d) Do you think it will be raining or snowing at the top of the
Whistler-Blackcomb (at 1800 m elevation), the ski area north of
Vancouver? Be sure to explain your steps. [2 points]
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Question 1
(a) Sketch the celestial sphere depicting the Equatorial coordinate system showing the position and apparent motion of an example star ‘X’. Indicate on the sketch the (i) fundamental plane, (ii) the poles, (iii) the origin of the system, and (iv) the coordinates right ascension and declination of the system of the star ‘X’
(b) How is the Hour Angle used to help plan observations during the night at a telescope?
(c) Declination and Right Ascension are essentially fixed for most objects. List the two exceptions to this statement.
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1) describe the earth's denser layers from the surface to the very center of the planet. Please elaborate your answer
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8) If radius of cation X is 0.09 nm and radius of anion Y is 4x10-4 µm, which of the following crystal structure do you expect to have for the ceramic material that consists of X and Y? (3p)
a) Rock salt b) Cesium chloride c) Zinc blende d) Fluorite e) None of them
9) An Al2O3 specimen has a critical surface crack length of 2 x10-3 mm and a theoretical fracture strength of E/10, where E is the modulus of elasticity. Which of the following is the critical tip radius for this specimen when it experiences tensile fracture at an applied stress of 175 MPa (elastic modulus of alumina 393 GPa). (5p)
a) 0.39 nm b) 0.19 nm c) 0.16 nm d) 0.32 nm e) 0.78 nm
10) For a thermoset and thermoplastic polymer which of the following is true? (If you think it is possible, you can select more than one choices) (6p)
a) Thermoset materials are easier to have crystallinity
b) Thermoplastic materials can have amorphous structures
c) Thermoplastic materials can be recycled
d) It is possible to have copolymers for both of them
e) None of them above
11) A hypothetical polymer consists of 3 molecules with an average weight of 42000 g/mol, 5 molecules with an average weight of 21000 g/mol and 12 molecules with an average weight of 9000 g/mol. What is the number average molecular weight of this polymer? (5p)
a) 339000 b) 9160 c) 24390 d) 16950 e) none of them
12) Which of the following represents the typical relative elastic moduli (Young’s moduli) of the three classes of solids? (5p)
a) Metal > Ceramics > Polymers
b) Ceramics > Metals > Polymers
c) Ceramics > Polymers > Metals
d) Polymers > Metals > Ceramics
e) None of them
13) A metal that is exposed to plastic deformation has an increase in yield strength for which of the following reason? (3p)
a) Plastic deformation reduces the number of dislocations, which increases the strength
b) Plastic deformation increases the grain size, which increases the strength
c) Plastic deformation increases the number of vacancies which inhibits dislocation movement
d) Plastic deformation increases the number of dislocations, which inhibits dislocation movement
e) None of them
14) What type of bonding would be expected for bronze (a copper-tin alloy)? (2p)
a) ionic bonding
b) metallic bonding
c) covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding
d) van der Waals bonding
15) Which of the following conditions do you expect to give higher strength for copper? (2p)
a) small grain size
b) large grain size + cold worked
c) small grain size + cold worked
d) small grain size + cold worked + annealed
16) For a metallic material it may be possible to have ductile or brittle fracture depending on environmental conditions: (2p)
a) True b) False
17) It is given that the two substances are soluble in each other in the entire range of compositions in both liquid and solid state. This kind of system is known as ……………………… (2p)
a) Binary phase system
b) Unary phase system
c) Multiple phase system
d) Isomorphous system
e) None of them
18) Point defect, Line defect and area defect are ………….. Fill in the blank. (2p)
a) two ways to express composition of an alloy
b) burgers vector for an edge dislocation
c) types of grain boundaries
d) 3 types of imperfections
e) None of them
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Draw the lewis structure for the following molecules ions
NO2 , HOOH , HNO3 , N2O , H2SO4
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name two prons and two cons of using sulfur dioxide as a tool of geoengineering.
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In tropical regions less energy is emitted by the earth as infrared radiation than is absorbed as solar radiation averaged over the year. Explain briefly why tropical regions do not continually get warmer year after year after year.
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$12 Summaries
With each word being worth 10 cents, write four $12 summaries of the reading from any four of the following chapters in Everyday Bible Study:
This means that in this assignment you are developing four summaries of 120 words each (one for each of the four chapters you selected). You should aim to create four summaries where each summary is between 100-120 words. Each of your summaries should not exceed the 120-word or $12 limit.
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Neil De Grasse Tyson said, "The good thing about science is that it works whether you believe in it or not." Describe two aspects of science and the scientific method that support this statement.
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3.2. Discuss the significance of Risk Assessment as a step in developing a Disaster Risk Profile. (10)
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Question 16
Item 16
(1) Space flights to other planets have long been a fixture of science fiction, and in 2017 the fiction appeared to come closer to reality when the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced it was prioritizing eventual piloted missions to Mars and other planets. (2) It may be too soon to start planning your Martian vacation, however: there are good reasons to doubt that humans will be able to undertake long-distance space flights.
(3) For example, the body begins to lose muscle mass and bone density in low-gravity environments because the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere is removed. (4) Astronauts struggle to walk after returning from a six-month space mission; the effects of a three-year flight and a stay on Mars would be far greater. (5) Similarly, humans have a natural cycle of wakefulness and sleep attuned to daytime and nighttime on Earth. (6) Anyone who has experienced jet lag can attest to the mental and physical effects of disrupting this cycle, but we can only imagine the consequences of disrupting it for years on end.
(7) It remains to be seen whether these problems can be diminished enough for long space voyages, and it is true that monitoring, exercise, and technological fixes like sunlight-simulating LED lights have shown promise. (8) Other issues may be more troublesome. (9) Space missions are stressful, requiring long hours of repetitive activity performed in small, cramped spaces. (10) The stress lowers immune response even as outer space conditions cause microbes in astronauts’ bodies to mutate, potentially resulting in dangerous diseases. (11) Cosmic rays pose another health concern: a 2018 study from Georgetown University Medical Center found that prolonged exposure to cosmic radiation could lead to stomach and colon cancers. (12) Unless scientists can develop effective means of fighting these health risks, long-distance space travel may be too dangerous.
(13) With NASA’s attention directed to the problems of long space missions, it is certainly possible that other nations will invest in similar research. (14) But it is also possible that further research will turn up new problems that have not even been identified yet.
The writer wants to add a concluding sentence that brings the argument to a unified end by summing up the main claim of the passage and returning to a theme from the first paragraph. Which of the following choices, if added after sentence 14, best accomplishes this goal?
A.It is thus likely that for many years to come, the only way for humans to have an experience exploring distant planets will be by opening a book or going to the movies rather than hopping on a rocket.
B.Ultimately, these problems are likely to be overcome, because the efforts of NASA are now being supplemented by those of private spaceflight companies.
C.It is nonetheless important to remain optimistic about reaching Mars—the first step to achieving a goal is to envision a successful outcome.
D.Some argue that NASA’s space shuttle program took attention away from more ambitious goals and that preparing to go to Mars is a better direction for the agency.
E.Sending robots rather than humans eliminates many of the dangers and difficulties, but there is something uniquely inspiring about humans traveling into space.
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A tank, containing O2 and H2, has a volume of 4.00 L and at total pressure is 24.44 atm. Calculate the mass of oxygen of which mole fraction is 0.4 in the tank at 25.0 °C .
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