5. Now let’s say you would like to generate ozone in a container of oxygen gas at constant temperature and volume.

A) At equilibrium, what is the relation between the chemical potentials of ozone and oxygen?

B) Is the relevant equilibrium constant given by the usual ln Keq = ??G°/RT or instead by ln Keq = ??A°/RT? Here, ?A° is the change in Helmholtz free energy per mole of reaction. Justify your answer, either mathematically or conceptually. [Hint: The answer is not as trivial as it may seem. Think carefully about how the equilibrium constant was derived for reactions at constant temperature and pressure.]

A liquid mixture contains 60 wt% ethanol, 5 wt% of a dissolved solute, and the balance water. A stream of this mixture is fed to a distillation column operating at steady state. The streams emerging from the column have equal mass flow rates. The top stream contains 90 wt% ethanol with no solute.

Solve for all the mass fractions of the bottom stream and solve for the 3 mass flow rates

A very simple assumption for the specific heat of a crystalline solid is that each vibrational mode of the solid acts independently and is fully excited and thus c_v = 3N_A k_B = 24.9 c v ​ =3N A ​ k B ​ =24.9 kJ/(kmol\cdot⋅K). This is called the law of Dulong and Petit. Calculate the Debye specific heat (in units of kJ/(kmol\cdot⋅K) of the diamond at room temperature, 298 K. Use a Debye temperature of 2219 K.

Within the next decade, hydrogen fuel cell technology may emerge as a popular engine alternative within the automotive industry. Hydrogen gas storage technology, which remains a key issue to public safety, is continuing to advance. However, recent research has shown that polymer tanks that are reinforced with carbon fiber can achieve operating pressures above 50 MPa. For this example, consider a hydrogen refueling station that (for safety reasons) dispenses hydrogen gas to vehicles at a constant 20 MPa. Your car has a 65 L fuel tank. When you pull up to the station, your tank is at a pressure of 200 kPa (absolute). You may assume that the temperature of the hydrogen supply (of the refueling station), as well as the initial temperature of your tank are both at 300 K.

(a) If you add a mere 70 grams of hydrogen into your tank, what is the temperature rise inside of your fuel tank?

106.8 K

(b) After that little bit of hydrogen is added, what is the new pressure within your tank?

2077.6 kPa

(c) If instead of just adding a little fuel, you decide to fill up, how much hydrogen will fit in your tank? **Note: "Filling up" means you hold down the handle until no more fuel will flow into your tank. This happens when your tank pressure reaches the pressure of the hydrogen dispenser (20 MPa).

.737 kg

(d) What is the temperature within your tank after the fillup?

427.4 K

*** these are the answers i got but they are not correct

Suppose the Kelvin temperature (as measured by a reliable sensor) of a 9.0000 mol sample of gas in a rigid 5L tank is doubled. It is observed that the pressure increased to 2.1 times its original value. Which of the following statements could explain the observed result. (select all that apply)

No gas escapes and the gas obeys the ideal gas law.

The pressure reading for the final pressure is too high due to instrument malfunction

Some of the gas reacts with impurities in the tank so that the net moles of gas is unchanged

The pressure reading for the final pressure is too low due to instrument malfunction

Some of the gas reacts with impurities in the tank to form additional total moles of gas

Some gas leaks into the tank during heating assuming P is less than external pressure

Some gas escapes the tank during heating assuming P is greater than external pressure

Some of the gas reacts with impurities in the tank to reduce the total moles of gas

Calculate W,Q, Change of U, change of H ,and Change of S for the following two separate processes involved one mole of ideal gas(Cp= 3.5R) with the same initial state at 100kpa and 300k

A) the gas expands adiabatically and mechanical reversibly to 20kpa.

B) the gas expands to the same final state as process a) but it expands irreversibly with an efficiency of 60% compared with the reversible process a)

What are the two main functions of SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) in an SDS-PAGE experiment? Explain each function.

Suppose you’re building a vacation cottage up in the Rocky Mountains and you are concerned about the depth at which a new water line should be buried to avoid freezing during the cold winter weather. The soil there is dry and homogenous with a thermal diffusivity of 0.02 ft2/hr and a thermal conductivity of0.48 Btu/ ft hr °F . Suppose the initial temperature is 45 °F everywhere. At t=0, a very strong cold front moves in and the ambient temperature drops to –15 °F, and remains there for 48 hrs. How deep should the water line be so that the soil around the pipe does not fall below 30 °F during this period? Also, what is the heat flux at that depth at t=48 hrs?

An element's atomic number is 31. How many electrons would an atom of this element have?

A pump having the characteristics given in Fig. 14.10 pumps water at 20°C from a reservoir at an elevation of 366 m to a reservoir at an elevation of 450 m through a 36 cm steel pipe. If the pipe is 610 m long, what will be the discharge through the pipe?

Fig. 14.10Performance curves for a typical centrifugal pump; D = 37.1 cm

QUESTION 4 Before determining the ?soltnH of the salts in part B of Experiment 4 it's necessary to calibrate the calorimeter to effective heat capacity of the calorimeter. In order to do this, the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is used, where the ?H for the reaction is known, along with the specific heat and density of sodium chloride, the product of the reaction. By following the example on page 4-4 of the manual and the steps laid out in the table below determine Ccalorimeter in J K-1. The information that you need is shown in the table below. Value Enthalpy change for one mole ( \Delta H ?H) -58.3 kJ mol-1

Density 1 M NaCl (?) 1.037 g mL-1

Specific heat of 1 M NaCl solution ( C C) 3.90 g-1 K-1

Molarity of sodium hydroxide(aq) and hydrochloric acid(aq) used ( c c) 2 mol L-1

Volume of each of sodium hydroxide(aq) and hydrochloric acid(aq) used ( V V) 50 mL

Average neutralisation temperature rise ( \Delta T ?T) 11.2 °C

Calculation

Moles of H2O produced n (mol) = c (mol L ?1 ) ×V (L)

Enthalpy change for the reaction ? r H (kJ) =n (mol) ×?H (kJ mol ?1 )

Enthalpy change for the corresponding temperature change ? t H (kJ) =?? r H (kJ)

Mass of solution m (g) =V (mL) ×? (g mL ?1 )

Heat capacity of the solution C solution (J K ?1 ) =m (g) ×C (J g ?1 K ?1 )

The heat capacity of the calorimeter ( C calorimeter)

Calculate the pH and the equilibrium concentration of Se^2- in a 8.75×10^-2 M hydroselenic acid solution, H₂Se (aq).

For H₂Se, K_a1 = 1.3×10^-4 and K_a2 = 1.0×10^-11

Calculate the pH and the equilibrium concentrations of HS- and S2- in a 0.0425 M hydrosulfuric acid solution, H2S (aq).

For H2S, Ka1 = 1.0×10-7 and Ka2 = 1.0×10-19

Nicotine is to be extracted with kerosene from a water solution containing 1% nicotine. Water and kerosene are essentially immiscible. The equilibrium of a solute between immiscible solvents is expressed by the distribution coefficient, K, which is the ratio of the solute concentration in the two phases and for the distribution of nicotine between kerosene and water K = 0.9. Calculate the percent extraction of nicotine if 100 kg of feed solution is extracted once with 150 kg solvent.