What is the hydrologic cycle? What is the importance of the hydrologic cycle? What does the hydrologic mean to you in your everyday life? How do you contribute to the hydrologic cycle?
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For each set of reactions below; What are the reactants? What are the products? What is an application of this reaction/set of reactions?
Combustion
Fermentation
Saponification
Maillard reactions
Haber-Bosch Process
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Coal with 40% C, 30% H and 30% ash by weight at 1000 kg / h flow (school the last digit of your number) is burned with dry air fed by kmol / second. Chimney from the oven In addition to its gas, there is a solid waste, 95% of this waste is all of the ash in coal, back the rest is unburned carbon. While all the hydrogen in the fuel is oxidized to water; carbon burns so that the selectivity of carbon dioxide in carbon monoxide is 10. a. calculate Percentage of excess air used, b. Calculate what percentage of oxygen increases
if you can help me quickly that would be great thanks
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Intrinsic Viscosity of Polystyrene Samples
Polystyrene Samples: PS100 (M = 100,000), PS500 (M = 500,000)
MHS Parameters: PS/toluene (25C): K= 7.5 x 10-3 ml/g, a = 0.75; PS/Cyclohexane (35.5 C) K=80 x 10-3ml/g, a =0.5
(25pts) Given the following solutions: PS500 in toluene (25 C) and in cyclohexane (35.5 C). - Calculate the intrinsic viscosity (IV) and c* for both cases.
Sketch on a single plot the Huggins equation to determine the intrinsic viscosity (IV). Indicate the important parameters directly on the plot (include slope and intercept).
(25pts) Given the following solutions: PS100 and PS500 in toluene (25 C) - Calculate the intrinsic viscosity (IV) and c* for both cases.
Sketch on a single plot the Huggins equation to determine the intrinsic viscosity (IV). Indicate the important parameters directly on the plot (include slope and intercept).
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1. Power generation by natural gas or other petroleum product fired steam power plant is the most comment way of producing energy in most parts of the world
a. Sketch steam power plant and discuss the function of each unit Operation in the process
(
b. What are the major operational and safety challenges in steam power plants )
c. Pumps are the most important fluid movers in process industries, discuss the various types of Pumps you find in steam power plant and their volatility.
d. Discuss various types of values used in steam power plants. (
e. What are the environmental challenges or problems related to steam power plants (
2. Petroleum refining process involves distillation as the most important separation unit for purification of different products based on their volatility.
a. Discuss various types of distillation processes you may find in petroleum refineries ()
b. What can be done to improve purity of a top product in a distillation column (
)
c. What will be the effect of excessive reflux ratio in a distillation column
d. What are the operational factors affecting the efficiency of a distillation column
)
e. Discuss the problems of flooding and weeping in a distillation column )
3. Safety is one of the most important concerns in any occupational environment particularly in process industries.
a. What the main things that a safety training program for operators should involve)
b. What are the major engineering control methods to ensure safety in process industries.
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Distillation is one of the important unit operations in chemical process. It is a process of separating a component from its liquid mixture, which involves heating and cooling process. There are various types of distillation methods, such as simple distillation, fractional distillation, steam distillation and vacuum distillation.
Based on the above description, answer the following questions:
Question 1
Identify three (3) factors to be considered in selecting a suitable distillation process.
Question 2
Distillation may cause incomplete separation or partial separation of a component in a mixture.
Outline the reason(s) for the above mentioned phenomenon..
Question 3
Identify the variables which need to be monitored, to ensure that the distillation process is effectively implemented.
Ouestion 4
Outline the reasons for applying the vacuum concept in vacuum distillation process.
Question 5
Analyze how does fractional distillation method is capable to separate crude oil into various products.
Question 6
Outline three (3) differences in the experimental setup between fractional distillation and steam distillation.
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What are the pressure of water and the dew point in a system in which the relative humidty is 61.9% at 60 oC?
Pressure of water =
Dew Point =
The pressure of water vapor in the atmosphere is found to be 12.8 when it is 35 oC. What are the dew point and relative humidty?
Dew Point =
Relative Humidity =
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Tomato soup is flowing through a double-pipe heat exchanger (3 cm ID, 4.2 cm OD), with saturated steam at 112°C on the outside of the pipe. The convective heat transfer coefficient between the soup to the pipe is 323 W/m2 K and the convective heat transfer coefficient between the steam to the pipe is very large. The thermal conductivity of the soup and pipe are 0.89 W/m K and 15.6 W/m K, respectively.
1. For this system:
A. The overall heat transfer coefficient for the inside of the pipe is smaller than the overal heat transfer coefficient for the outside of the pipe
B. Since the convective heat transfer coefficient between the steam and the pipe is very large, U=hi
C. The steam provides heat by converting from vapor to liquid
D. The log mean temperature difference for co-current and counter-current flow are the same, regardless of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the soup
2.The temperature of the soup at a certain point in the pipe is 55°C. If the pipe wall is at the same temperature as the steam, what is the rate of heat transfer between the pipe wall and the soup in kW/m2?
3. If the heat exchanger is 70 m long, what is Ui?
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Benzene and water are virtually immiscible. What is the bubble pressure of an overall mixture that is 50 mol% of each at 75°C?
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Freeze drying is a technique for dehydrating substances at low temperatures, thereby avoiding the degradation that may accompany heating. The material to be dried is cooled to a temperature at which all of the water present turns to ice. The frozen substance is then placed in a vacuum chamber and may also be subjected to radiant or microwave heating; the ice in the food sublimes, and the vapor is carried off by the vacuum pump. Steaks are to be freeze-dried in a heated chamber at 1 torr (1 mm Hg). The steaks, which contain 72% water by mass, enter the chamber at 26°C at a rate of 50 kg/min. Of the water entering with the steaks, 96% leaves as a vapor at 60°C; the remainder leaves as a liquid with the steaks at 50°C.
(a) Use the heat capacity data given below and additional tabulated data for water to calculate the required heat input in kilowatts.
(Cp)ice =2.17 J/(g°C)
(Cp)dry meat =1.38 J/(g°C)
(b) When large temperature changes are not involved in a phase-change operation, a reasonable estimate of the required heat transfer rate may be obtained by neglecting contributions of temperature changes to the overall process enthalpy change (i.e., by taking only phase changes into account). Moreover, it is often reasonable to use any available values of latent heats, neglecting their dependence on temperature and pressure. In the case of the freeze-drying process, the approximation might be to calculate only the heat needed to melt all the water and vaporize 96% of it, using latent heats at the normal melting and boiling points (Table B.1) and neglecting the heat required to raise the temperature of the meat and water. What percentage error in the calculated value of Q_ would result from this approximation? Take the value determined in Part (a) to be exact.
(c) Many substances, such as food and drugs, spoil if exposed too long to high temperatures (which accelerate rates of degradation) or to liquid water (which provides an environment for growth of microbial species that cause degradation). Also, rates of evaporation and sublimation increase as BIOENGINEERING Problems 477 WEBC08 06/04/2015 22:38:24 Page 478 temperature increases and pressure decreases. Use those observations to construct a oneparagraph explanation of how freeze-drying works and the reason for each step of the process. (For example, why is the sublimation done in a vacuum chamber?) Your explanation should be clear to someone with a nontechnical or nonscientific background.
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What is mass? What is inertia? What is the relationship between mass and inertia? What has more inertia: a kitten or an elephant? Why?
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What are carbon nanotubes, what is graphene and what is fullerenes? What are their main similarities, differences and applications?
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The irreversible elementary reaction 2A > B takes place in the gas phase in an isothermal tubular reactor. The feed is one mole of A per one mole of C, an inert. The entering temperature and pressure are 427°C and 10 atm, respectively. The gas constant R = 0.08206 atm · L/mol · K.
(a) Determine the concentration of A at the entrance to the reactor.
(b) If CA0 = 1.0 mol/L, what is the concentration of A at 90% conversion of A?
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