How to minimize emissions from catalytic reforming unit in a refinery?

Give at least 5 examples.

Using Penman’s method, estimate the Etp for July 15, 1994, from a field at an elevation of 200 m. The average temperature for July 15 was 16° C, with a maximum T of 22° C and a minimum of 10° C. The previous day’s average temperature was 14° C, and the following day’s average temperature was 21° C. The early morning actual vapor pressure on July 15 was 1.3 kPa: the wind speed was 2 m/sec, and Rn was 15 MJ/m2/d. (heat index was found to be 40 and saturated vapor pressure was found to be 2.0 kPa)

Consider a water storage tank with inlet and outlet streams that can be independently adjusted. The storage tank has a cross-sectional area of 100 ft². Initially, the flow in is equal to the flow out, which is 5 ft³/min. The initial height of water in the tank is 4 ft and the height of the tank is 10 ft. At t = 0 a ramp increase in the inlet flowrate is made, so that F_i(t) = 5 + 0.25 t where the flowrate units are ft³/min. How long does it take the tank to overflow? Solve using Laplace transforms. Obtain a general expresson for systems modeled in deviation variable form by:

dy/dt= ku(t)

where u(t) =at

Estimate the following:

The volume occupied by 18 kg of ethylene at 55°C and 35 bar.

The mass of ethylene contained in a 0.25-m³ cylinder at 50°C and 115 bar.

Describe corrosion as it pertains to metallic implants. Explain the effect of passivation on corrosion and how it functions.

Predict the viscosities of molecular oxygen, nitrogen, and methane at 20°C and atmospheric pressure, and express the results in mPa·s. Compare the results with experimental data given in Chapter 1.

1. What are the components of LB? Expalin what each component is and what it provides tot he growth medium.

2. How odes sterile filtration work? Why are some solutions sterileized by sterile filtration and not by autoclaving? Descride at least one othe rmethod for sterillizing equipment and not by autoclaving? Descride at leats one othe rmethod for sterilizing equipemnt.

3. Based on the structure of EDTA, what are the possible application for this substance? Why is it used in these solutions?

Project for Separations class:

How might we improve the thermodynamic efficiency of a binary distillation column? What are the possible limitations of your suggestions?

At a certain refinery, the refining process requires the production of at least two gallons of gasoline for each gallon of fuel oil. To meet the anticipated demands of winter, at least three million gallons of fuel oil a day will need to be produced. The demand for gasoline, on the other hand, is not more than 6.4 million gallons a day. If gasoline is selling for $1.90 per gallon and fuel oil sells for $1.50/gal, how much of each should be produced in order to maximize revenue?

Hot air containing 1 mole% water vapor flows into a textile dryer at 350°F and 6.2 psig at a rate of 30,000 ft3/hr, and emerges at 220°F and 1 atm absolute pressure (i.e., it is vented outside the building) containing 10 mol% H2O. Calculate the following:a. The mass flow rate of the entering hot air stream in lbm/hrb. The rate of evaporation of the water from the textiles in lbm/hrc. The volumetric flow rate of the emerging air stream in ft3/hr

Acetic acid (AA) is initially dissolved in water, where the mass fraction of AA is 0.15. By contacting the water solution with hexanol (which does not dissolve in water), most of the AA is transferred fromthe water phase to the hexanol. The AA-hexanol stream leaving the extractor contains AA at a mass fraction of 0.10and the residual AA-water stream leaving the extractor contains AA at a mass fraction of 0.002.

a. Sketch and label a flow diagram; calculate the degree of freedom.

b. If the initial AA-water stream enters the extractor at 5kg/min, what are the flowrates of the three other streams?

A mixture of water at 500 kPa and a quality of 20% is heated in an isobaric process until its volume becomes 0.52261 m^3/kg. Find:

a. the change in specifc volume

b. the work/unit mass

c. the change in specific internal energy

d. the heat transferred/unit mass

e. the change in specific enthalpy

f. the final pressure

g. the final temperature

Assume that the water temperature is 10°C and the depth of the settling tank is 3.0 m. Calcium carbonate precipitates with a relative density of 1.20 and diameter of 0.10 mm to be removed in a settling tank after softening treatment. Assume discrete particle settling. At 10°C the density and viscosity of water are 999.77 kg/m3 and 1.308x10-3 kg/m.s.

a. Calculate the theoretical settling velocity (cm/s), tank loading (m3 /m2 /d) and detention time (h) required for the removal.  

b. How will the settling velocity change, if the viscosity, particle diameter, and the relative density increases by 10%? How will the settling velocity change if the water temperature is 25 oC instead of 10 oC? Vary only one parameter at a time. Comment; no need to provide calculations.

What was the contribution of Joule in understanding the laws of Thermodynamics?