Methane at 25°C is burned in a boiler furnace with 10.0% excess air. The air enters the burner at a temperature of 100°C. Ninety percent of the methane fed is consumed; the product gas is analyzed and found to contain 10.0 mol CO2 per 1 mol of CO. The exhaust gases exit the furnace at 400°C. Calculate the rate of heat transferred from the furnace, given that a molar flow rate of 100 mol/s CH4 is fed to the furnace.

Must be done with the Program Raptor

Program #2 - Area of Shapes

Design a superclass called Shape that contains two functions—getVolume() and getInput(). The getVolume and getInput functions in the Shape class will simply return 0, you will derive from them in your subclasses mentioned below. Define 3 subclasses of the Shape class—Sphere, Cube, and Cone. The sphere class will need a radius field, the cube class will need a length field, and the cone class will need radius and height fields. Declare all of the appropriate setters and getters for each of these classes. The sphere class will calculate it’s volume as 4/3 * PI * r * r * r. The cube’s volume is length * length * length. The cone’s volume is PI * radius * radius * height/3. Override the getInput method for each subclass so it will prompt the user to input the dimensions for each shape. Then, override the getVolume method in each subclass so it will calculate and return the volume of the shape.

Demonstrate your classes be writing a menu driven program that allows the user to select which shape they want to create. After making their selection, the program will call getInput on the object to ask the user to input the appropriate dimensions for that shape. The program should then display the volume for that shape. The menu will continue to display until the user chooses to quit.

Example Output:
Please select an option:
1) Volume of a sphere
2) Volume of a cube
3) Volume of a cone
4) Quit
Enter your selection:
2 [Enter]
Enter the cube length:
10 [Enter]
The Volume for your cube is 1000

Please select an option:
1) Volume of a circle
2) Volume of a rectangle
3) Volume of a triangle
4) Quit
Enter your selection:
4 [Enter]
Thanks for playing!

The reaction of nitric oxide, NO, with hydrogen, H₂, produces nitrogen, N₂, and water, H₂O, according to the equation

2 NO + 2 H₂ ? N₂ + 2 H₂O

A student obtained the following data:

(a) Determine the most probable rate equation for the reaction, with v for the reaction rate and k for the rate coefficient.

(b) Evaluate the numerical value (with units) of the rate coefficient.

(c) Choose the appropriate matches below. Note that some of the units have to be expressed in a particular way in the drop down menus, e.g. L⁴ shows as L4, s^-1 looks like s-1, L⁴ s^-1 looks like L4 s-1.

Background reading:

the Chemguide concentration dependence page (38kB)

the Chem guide orders and mechanism page (28kB)

Energy section Powerpoint lecture notes

Reagent A undergoes an essentially irreversible isomerization reaction that obeys first-order kinetics. A --> B Both A and B are liquids at room temperature and both have extremely high boiling points. Pure A at 20^oC is fed into the reactor.

Data:

Reaction rate expression: r = k.C_A

Rate constant at 163 °C = 0.8 hr^-1

Activation energy = 30,000 cal/gmole

Heat of reaction = — 83 cal/g

Molecular weight = 250

C_pA=C_pB=0.5 cal/g.^oC p_A=p_B= 0.9 g/cm3

a) Determine the CSTR volume and heat transfer rate necessary to produce 150 kg/h of B with 60% conversion of A if the reactor is operated at 160^oC.

b) Calculate the CSTR volume and temperature to achieve the same conversion if the reactor is operated adiabatically

Methane is completely burned with 30% excess air, with 20% of the carbon transforming to CO.
a) What is the molar composition of the stack gas on a dry basis?
b) Estimate the partial pressure of the CO in the stack gas if the barometer read 750 mmHg.

The elementary irreversible gas phase reaction A --> B + C is carried out in a PFR packed with catalyst. Pure A enters the reactor at a volumetric flowrate of 20 dm³ /s at a pressure of 10 atm and 450K. Consider that the heat is removed by a heat exchanger jacketing the reactor. The flowrate of coolant through the jacket is sufficiently high so that the ambient exchanger temperature is constant at 50^oC.

C_pA=40 J/mol.K HfA=-70 kJ/mol

C_pB=25 J/mol.K H_fB=-50 kJ/mol   (T_R=273 K)

C_pC=15 J/mol.K H_fC=-40 kJ/mol

k = 0.133 exp (E/R [ 1/450 ? 1/T ]) dm³ kg cat. s with E = 31.4 kJ/mol

U= 100 W/m2 .K

D_t=10 cm

p_b=5 g/cm3

a) Plot the conversion and temperature down the plug flow reactor until 80% conversion is achieved. Discuss the effect of feed temperature on the temperature profile and conversion.

b) Calculate the amount of catalyst required to achieve 80% conversion

Please do not copy the previous solutions. This question is different

The reaction between ammonia and formaldehyde to produce hexamine is

4NH3 + 6 HCHO ->(CH2)6N4 + 6 H2O

A 0.5 liter CSTR is used for the reaction. Each reactant is fed to the reactor in a separate stream, at the rate of 1.5x10-3 liter/s each. The ammonia concentration is 4.0 mol/liter and the formaldehyde concentration is 6.4 mol/liter. The reactor temperature is 36C. Calculate the concentration of ammonia and formaldehyde in the effluent stream. In kinetics below A is ammonia and B is formaldehyde.

(-rA) = kCACB^2 mole A/liter-s where k = 1,420 exp (-3090/T)

The elementary irreversible gas phase reaction A --> B + C is carried out in a PFR packed with catalyst. Pure A enters the reactor at a volumetric flowrate of 20 dm³ /s at a pressure of 10 atm and 450K. Consider that the heat is removed by a heat exchanger jacketing the reactor. The flowrate of coolant through the jacket is sufficiently high so that the ambient exchanger temperature is constant at 50^oC.

C_pA=40 J/mol.K HfA=-70 kJ/mol

C_pB=25 J/mol.K H_fB=-50 kJ/mol   (T_R=273 K)

C_pC=15 J/mol.K H_fC=-40 kJ/mol

k = 0.133 exp (E/R [ 1/450 ? 1/T ]) dm³ kg cat. s with E = 31.4 kJ/mol

U= 100 W/m2 .K

D_t=10 cm

p_b=5 g/cm3

a) Plot the conversion and temperature down the plug flow reactor until 80% conversion is achieved. Discuss the effect of feed temperature on the temperature profile and conversion.

b) Calculate the amount of catalyst required to achieve 80% conversion.

Electrical power is to be produced from a steam turbine connected to a nuclear reactor. Steam is obtained from the ractor at 540 K and 36 bar, the turbine exit pressure is 1.0 bar, and the turbine is adiabatic.

a) Compute the maximum work per kilogram of steam that can be obtained from the turbine.

A clever chemical engineer has suggested that the single-stage turbine considered here be replaced by a two-stage adiabatic turbine, and that the steam exiting from the first stage be returned to the reactor and reheated, at constant pressure, to 540 K, and then fed to the second stage of the turbine.

b) Compute the maximum work obtained per kilogram of steam if the two-stage turbine is used and the exhaust pressure of the first stage is 0.5(36 + 1) = 18.5 bar.

c) Compute the maximum work obtained per kilogram of steam if the two-stage turbine is used and the exhaust pressure of the first stage is sqrt(36 x 1) = 6 bar.

d) Compute the heat absorbed per kilogram of steam in the reheating steps

A) A sealed container initially contains only 1.0 M gas A and 1.0 M gas B. Upon heating the following reaction takes place: A(g) + 2 B(g) ? C(g)+ 2 D(l). After the reaction comes to equilibrium, the concentration of gas C is 0.25 M. What is the equilibrium constant K_c for this reaction?

B). The decomposition of N₂O₄ into NO₂ has K_p = 2. Some N₂O₄ is placed into an empty container, and the partial pressure of NO₂ at equilibrium is measured to be 0.2 atm. What was the initial pressure in the container prior to decomposition?

C). For the following reaction, find the value of Q and predict the direction of change, given that a 1L flask initially contains 2 moles S₈, 2 moles SF₆, and 2 moles F_2.               

1/8 S₈ (s) + 3 F₂ (g) ? SF₆ (g)   K_c = 0.425

D)

A key step in the extraction of iron from its ore is

FeO(s) + CO(g) ? Fe(s) + CO₂(g) K_p =0.403 at 1000°C.

What are the equilibrium partial pressures off carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when 1.00 atm of carbon monoxide and excess iron(II) oxide react in a sealed container at 1000°C.

Explain step by step how to determine whether the exchanger is suitable for the duty, how to estimate the pressure drop for each stream.

In isolation, a DNA-binding protein binds to its regulatory sequence with a Kd of 1.0 microM. Another DNA binding protein binds to another sequence on the same DNA a few bases away with a Kd of 5.0 microM when alone. The two proteins each have a domain which binds to the other, with an interaction energy of -2.7 kcal/mole: (a) Draw the thermodynamic box which represents all four states of this system. (b) what are the affinities for each protein in the presence of saturating amounts of the other?

Below are a few paragraphs from Tough’s essay, “Who Gets to Graduate?” Please read each paragraph carefully. Then write a 1-2 sentence summary for each portion of the reading. “Listen” carefully to what Tough is saying and try your best to capture his argument.

…whether a student graduates or not seems to depend today almost entirely on just one factor — how much money his or her parents make. To put it in blunt terms: Rich kids graduate; poor and working-class kids don’t…When you read about those gaps, you might assume that they mostly have to do with ability…But ability turns out to be a relatively minor factor behind this divide.

Tough believes the student

[The University of Texas’] efforts are based on a novel and controversial premise: If you want to help low-income students succeed, it’s not enough to deal with their academic and financial obstacles. You also need to address their doubts and misconceptions and fears. To solve the problem of college completion, you first need to get inside the mind of a college student…“There are always going to be both affluent kids and kids who have need who come into this college,” Laude said. “And it will always be the case that the kids who have need are going to have been denied a lot of the academic preparation and opportunities for identity formation that the affluent kids have been given…”

Tough believes…

When you send college students the message that they’re not smart enough to be in college — and it’s hard not to get that message when you’re placed into a remedial math class as soon as you arrive on campus — those students internalize that idea about themselves.

Tough believes…

To the extent that the Stanford researchers shared a unifying vision, it was the belief that students were often blocked from living up to their potential by the presence of certain fears and anxieties and doubts about their ability. These feelings were especially virulent at moments of educational transition — like the freshman year of high school or the freshman year of college. And they seemed to be particularly debilitating among members of groups that felt themselves to be under some special threat or scrutiny: women in engineering programs, first-generation college students, African-Americans in the Ivy League.

Tough believes…

The negative thoughts took different forms in each individual, of course, but they mostly gathered around two ideas. One set of thoughts was about belonging. Students in transition often experienced profound doubts about whether they really belonged — or could ever belong — in their new institution. The other was connected to ability. Many students believed in what Carol Dweck had named an entity theory of intelligence — that intelligence was a fixed quality that was impossible to improve through practice or study.

Tough believes…

Read your summaries again. Then, in one sentence, write here what you believe Tough is arguing in your section of his essay.

Tough argues that…

You separated a mixture containing 20 wt% CH3OH, 35 wt% C2H5OH, and the balance water into two fractions. You then drew and analyzed samples of both product streams and reported that one stream contained 42.2% CH3OH and 29.3% C2H5OH and the other stream contained 16.5% CH3OH and 45.2% C2H5OH. After examining the report your professor indicated that the results must be wrong and asked you to repeat the stream analyses. Show why the professor is right